美国业余体育法及其启示.docx

摘要二战后,随着经济的发展,美国业余体育运动迅速开展,在参与人数和体育设施数量等方面都有显著提高。在业余体育运动蓬勃发展的同时,体育纠纷也大量涌现,体育矛盾十分突出,这引起了美国各界的广泛关注,为了保障业余体育运动的健康发展,美国国会逐步探寻解决纠纷的良性方案,最终出台了《业余体育法》。该法案主要是围绕美国奥委会和国内单项体育联合会展开的,规定了由美国奥委会为主导,国内单项体育联合会为下级的垂直管理体系。不但授权美国奥委会协调美国业余体育运动,而且规定了国内单项体育联合会的结构和法律地位。到目前为止还没有哪个国家为了业余体育而专门制定国家法典,所以该法典在世界范围内是独一无二的,该法典不但对美国参加国际竞赛的相关问题做出了规定, 而且调整职业运动员的行为,并对国家体育管理组织的适格性问题作出了规定, 同时该法对规划美国现代奥林匹克运动、促进美国体育发展、提高公众体育参与程度等方面起到了决定性作用。本文旨在通过对美国业余体育立法及相关判例的研究,探索促进美国业余体育法、美国体育运动良性发展的内核,找出为体育活动保驾护航的合理因素,寻求不同体育管理模式的有益之处,为我国体育法的发展提供借鉴。关键词:《业余体育法》;美国奥林匹克委员会;国内单项体育联合会; 专有权;体育调查员 I ABSTRACT With the development of economy after World War II, the amateur sports develop by leaps and bounds, especially in the participation and the number of athletic facilities context. At the same time, there are plenty of sports disputes and severe contradictions the whole . society pay great attention to. In dealing with the problems, the congress tries hard to look forward toa good idea and it finally enacts the Amateur Sports Act. Mainly concerning the United States mittee and National Governing Bodies (NGBs), the Act establishes a vertical governing system that the is ina leading position and the NGBs are subordinate. Itnot only empowers the to coordinate the amateur sports in ., but also establishes the structure and status of the NGBs. Until now, there isno national legislation only aiming at amateur sports so that the Act is unique all over the world. The Act not only substantially governs the participation in petition and the professional athletes engaged in sports activity, but also vests authority over eligibility of NGBs. At the same time, the Act is determined to govern the current . Olympic sports, to develop the . sports and to improve the participation in sports and soon. Through studying the Amateur Sports Act and the relevant cases, the author tries his best to find out the essence that speeds up legislation of amateur sports and activities of amateur sports in ., the reasonable