基本的领导方法(共28页).doc

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Chapter 8 Basic Appro
We also need managers to formulate detailed plans, create efficient organizational structures, and oversee day-today operations.
③最后一个意见之前，我们继续前进：企业需要强有力的领导和强有力的管理以达到最佳效果。在当今不断变化的世界，我们需要领导者挑战现状，创造未来的愿景，并激发组织成员要实现的愿景。我们还需要管理者制定详细计划，建立高效的组织结构，并监督日常业务。
2、Trait theories特质理论
Trait theories of leadership differentiate leaders from non leaders by focusing on personal qualities and characteristics. 领导特质理论；领导人通过专注于个人品质和特征来区分是否能成为领导人
Leaders who are extraverted (individuals who like being around people and are able to assert themselves), conscientious (individuals who are disciplined and keep commitments they make), ambition and energy, and open (individuals who are creative and flexible ) do seem to have an advantage when it comes to leadership, suggesting that good leaders do have key traits in common 领导人是外向的(个人喜欢被周围的人肯定自己),认真的(个人自律,保持他们做出的承诺),有抱负和有能量的以及开放的
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(创意和灵活的人) 当谈到领导时，似乎都有一个优势,表明优秀的领导人确实有共同的关键特征
The fact that an individual exhibits the traits and others consider that person to be a leader does not necessarily mean that the leader is successful at getting his or her group to achieve its goals.
个人表现出的特征和其他人认为那个人是领袖，但这并不一定意味着领导者能成功地让他或她的组织实现其目标
Theories行为理论
The failures of early trait studies led researchers in the late 1940s through the 1960s to go in a different direction. They began looking at the behaviors exhibited by specific leaders. They wondered if there was something unique in the way that effective leaders behave. In this section, We look at three different behavioral theories of leadership to answer that question.
早期特性研究的失败导致研究人员在20世纪40年代末到60年代去了一个不同的方向。他们开始寻找特定的领导者表现的行为。他们想知道，有什么是领导者最有效的，独特的行为方式。在这一部分，我们来看看三种不同的领导行为理论来回答这个问题。
If the behavioral approach to leadership were successful it would have implications qui