智能电网介绍性论文.doc

Study on Smart Grid Related R&D
——Comparative analysis about China, Japan, the United States and the European Union
ABSTRACT
Electric power systems are facing many challenges due to the rapid social and economic developments all over the world. Many countries and regions are interested in the smart grid concept as a new idea to meet the requirements of power demands in the 21st century. As various countries have different natural resources, technologies and societal preferences, the approaches to the smart grid development will be different from one country to another. This paper presents a summary of the concept, research and implementation – including primary anizations - of smart grids from four distinct parts of the world: the ., the ., Japan and China. Through parison and analyses among the ., the . and China based on electricity demand, energy supply, security and reliability in power delivery, and the electricity market, a case study has been presented which may benefit China as the country is embarking upon a smart grid development program.
KEY WORDS: smart grid;the United States;the European Union;China
Introduction
Over the past 50 years, the social and economy developments have brought about many challenges to the works, such as the increase in the demand for electricity, the integration of digitally controlled devices and renewable energy systems, as well as the increase in cyber security threats and malicious attacks. As the operation of today’s electric power system is still based on the traditional technology available 120 years ago, the power grid is inevitably facing the modernization requirements.
In the United States, the challenges are mainly from the degradation of the electric power system reliability due to under-investment in the infrastructure and
combined with growing demand, and security threats from terrorist attacks and operation failures.
In Europe, the challenge has been the integration of renewable energy s