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Bowlingalone
.
Chapter3CivicParticipation
Putnam在《BowlingAlone》这本书中，力图从民情出发来考察和评价美国民主制度的
运转。articipationintheorganizedlifeof
theircommunities?
美国人自发的社团总共有三种：一是基于社区的社团，而是基于教会的社团，三是基于
职业的社团。在第三章的公民参与”一节，主要讲的是在基于社区的社团”中，美国人的社
团参与有何变化。
Becauseoftheimpressiveincreaseinthesheernumberofvoluntaryassociations,eventaking
accountoftheincreaseinpopulationduringthisperiod,thenumberofnationalorganizationsper
capitalhasincreasedbynearlytwo-thirdsoverthelastthreedecades,excitedbythisfact,some
.
Organizationsthatdon'tinvolvetheirmembersdirectlyincommUaSydactivity:
overthequartercenturythenumberofvoluntaryassociationsroughlytripled,buttheaverage
membershipseemstoberoughlyone-tenthaslargemoregroups,butmostofthemmuch
,notaboomofgrassrootsparticipation.
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,theyareheadquarterednearimportantconcentrationsoftheirmembers;Forthenation'largestorganizations,theyareheadquarterednearWashingtonthepoliticalconcentration.
Theproliferatingneworganizationsarepro
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