初中语法知识点.doc

一、冠词: 冠词用在名词的前面,有定冠词“ the ”与不定冠词“ a; an”之分。定冠词表示“确指”,译作“这(那)个”;不定冠词表示“泛指”, 译作“一个”。例题解析:() _____ lady over there is _____ university teacher. A) A, the B) The, an C) The, a D) The, the “ over there ”意为“那边的”, 是后置定语, 它表示前面名词“ lady ”(女士)是“确指”的说法, 因此要加上定冠词“ the ”。后半句意为“一位大学教师”, 是泛指的说法, 因此要加上不定冠词“ a”或“ an”。由于“ university ”的读音起始于辅音“ j”,因此要加定冠词“ a”。所以本题答案应该选“ C”。 1.() He prefers playing _____ piano to playing _____ hockey. A) the, the B) the, / C)/,/ D)/, the “ piano ”意为“钢琴”,属于乐器,要求前面加定冠词“ the ”。后半句中“ hockey ”意为“曲棍球”, 属于球类活动, 要求不加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选“ B”。 2.() Mr. Black was made _____ manager of pany. A)/ B)a C) an D) the “ manager ”表示被选的职位,前面不应加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选“ A”。此外,冠词还有许多特殊的用法: 1. 由普通名词组成的专有名词前,要加定冠词,如: the Great Wall 2. 在拼音名词前,一般不加任何冠词,如: Changfeng Park 3. 在江、河、湖、海前, 即使是拼音名词, 也要加定冠词“ the ”,如: the Dongting Lake 4. 一般用“单数名词加‘ a’;复数名词不加‘ the ’”来表示“泛指”的意思。习题训练: () 1. There is _____ “ u” in _____ word “ uniform. ”. A) an, a B) an, the C) a,a D) a, the () 2. _____ sign here stands for _____ mistake. A) A,a B) A, the C) The, a D) The, the () 3. We made Joyce _____ monitor ____ her experience. A) a, because B) the, because C)/, because of D) the , because of () months ago Mr. Green wrote ____ article on Shanghai International Art Festival. A) the B) an C)a D)/ () 5. Q: Is Mr. White _____ teacher of your school? A: Yes. _____ teacher is from Australia. A) a,A B) a, The C) the, The D) the, A () 6. Paul is _____ European student. He likes to study _____ history of China. A) a, the B) a,/ C) an, the D) an, / () 7. This is _____ honey. As we all know, _____ honey is sweet. A)/, the B)/,/ C) the, / D) the, the () 8. They didn't catch the last train because of _____. A) some heavy traffics B) any heavy traffic C) heavy traffic D)a heavy traffic () 9. It won't take long, it's only _____ walk. A) ten-minutes B) ten minutes' C) ten minutes D) ten-minute's 二、名词: 名词表示人或物体的名称, 有普通名词(park) 、专有名词(Peter ; Party) 、集合名词(family, class, police) 、缩写名词(SARS, CEO, WTO) ……等。总体上说, 它们可以分成两大类; 即可数名词和不可数名词