坂茂的纸建筑.doc

坂茂的纸建筑日本建筑师坂茂( Shigeru Ban ) 催生了世界首例的「纸的建築」, 坂茂还將其应用在阪神地震后搭建的临时建筑及恆久建築物上。一九八六年,从美国留学归国的坂茂,在 Alvar Aalto 特展的会场设计,因为经费有限, 无法使用芬兰最具代表性的建筑师 Aalto 爱用的木材,他以纸管作为展馆的內墙、天花板及展示台,這次的经验,让坂茂意外发现纸管的强度远超过想像,进而孕育「纸建筑」的创作原点。一九八九年,名古屋设计博览会馆,展馆虽不大,但却让坂茂首次实现纸建筑的梦想,他以四十八支外径三十三公分、厚度十五公厘、長度四公尺,表面经过蜡纸防水加工的紙管,重现江戶時代造园名家所设计用來欣赏水琴窟的东屋。这座纸建筑,白天里,一束束屋外的光线透过纸管间的空隙照射屋內,入夜之后,建筑物本身就像一座大型灯具,朝向四面八方射出四十八条灿烂的光束。二○○○年德方公尺的日本馆,坂茂采用纸建筑,让世人重新评价我们身旁熟悉的素材,发挥纸柔软的特性,创造出美观、坚固而低环境负担的新可能性。坂茂不仅在建筑上有杰出的表现, 也是一位人道主义者, 曾任联合国难民高等委员会(UNHCR) 顾问的他曾说过:「二十世纪的建筑大师为大众建造公共建筑,而冷战后一代的建筑师应该为少数人服务,例如种族冲突的受害者和无家可归的人。」表现在行动上,他运用纸建材轻巧、组装迅速的特质,为阪神大地震的災民设计纸教堂及临时房屋,也为非洲庐安达难民搭蓋避难所及住家;「纸建筑」在他的理念中,已不单纯是一种结合高科技的创作,更深含对人类社会的关怀与责任。 PAPER ARBOR - Nagoya, Japan, 1989 This was the first ina series of paper tube constructions. Manufactured as form. work for circular concrete columns, the tubes are used structurally here. Forty-eight of these tubes (325mm in diameter, 15mm thick and 4m high) are treated with paraffin water-proofing and fitted onto a precast concrete base ina circle. 总共有 48 根纸管(直径 325 , 15 厚, 4 米高)被插入混凝土现浇的圆形基础中。 These were stiffened with a pound 胶合物 and joined at their heads bya pression ring. The roof consisted of tenting fabric hung from tension wire arranged ina spoke-like configuration. After the structure was dismantled, the strength of the paper tubes was analyzed. Despite being subject to six months of wind and rain, the hardening of the glue and moderate exposure to ultraviolet rays 紫外线 actually resulted in increasing pressive strength of the tubes. ODAWARA HALL AND EAST GATE- Odawara, Kanagawa, Japan, 1990 memorate the fiftieth anniversary of the Odawara municipality, the local missioned a temporary multi-purpose hall. The mayor wanted a wooden building at first, but, in light of the budget and time limit, it was suggested that the hall be constructed of paper tubes and the tubes themselves be viewed as an “ evolved wood. ”进化的木。 Since the scale of the building far exceeds that of the Paper Arbor which was b