规范语言学与描述语言学.ppt

Descriptive Linguistics and Prescriptive Linguistics 规定语言学和描述语言学? Definition ? History ? Prescriptive Grammar VS Descriptive Grammar ? Examples ? Webster ’ s Third New International Dictionary Prescriptive linguistics 规定语言学 --- an account of how a language should be used instead of how it is actually used . It is the act of taking the official models of a language , and treating them as sacred ['seikrid] perfect representations of the language, and enforcing them on people . For example, correcting someone who uses the word “ ain ’t” (am not/are not), even if it ’s used in an appropriately casual way. Descriptive linguistics 描述语言学--- the work of analyzing and describing how language is actually spoken now (or how it was actually spoken in the past), by any group of people. history 1 Prescriptive linguistics school 2 Descriptive linguistics school Prescriptive linguistics school 规定语言学派 The history of linguistics can trace back to the ancient Greece in 5 th century BC. At that time, prescriptive linguistics mainly depended on the early Latin or Greek grammar . It treated the linguistic as a law to rule people how to use language. Until the 18 th century , the prescriptive linguistics was still the main stream. Descriptive linguistics school 描述语言学派 1911 1924 1933 1950 One person : Boas( 鲍阿斯) One book : Handbook of American Indian language 《美洲印第安语手册》 The foreword to the book : The symbol of the start of the descriptive linguistics school anization: Linguistic Society of America 美国语言学学会 Two people: Boas ( 鲍阿斯( 1858-1942 ) Sapir( 萨丕尔) ( 1884-1939 ) One book : Language ( 语言论) One person : Bloomfield [‘ blu:mfi:ld] 布龙菲尔德 Influence : The symbol of the formal birth of the descriptive linguistics school