英语说明文的写作方法.doc

英语说明文的写作方法
就“说明对象”而言，英语说明文可分为对“客观详细事物"的说明和对“主观抽象观念"的说明两大类，比方:对“LASER（激光)”、“Computer Problem of Year 2000（计算机2000年问题）”等等是用详细的例子来说明我们要表达的意思，常用for example， for instance， still another example is…等词语引出。下面这篇学生作文就是用举例法写成的：
　　Recreation
　　It is impossible to keep in good health unless we take enough recreation （娱乐)。 The mind， too， needs change to make it fresh and vigorous （有活力的) There is much truth in the old saying， All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.“
　　There are many games which boys and girls can play after their school work is done, for instance， football， tennis， and kite-flying。 Other examples of recreation are boating， fishing， gardening, cycling， walking， chess-playing, and reading。 Persons who sit much at their business should take a kind of recreation that will supply their muscles (肌肉） with exercise。 Those who spend most of their time in the open air and do manual work (体力活） should adopt （采纳) reading or some other quiet form of recreation.
　　Cycling is said to be an important means of recreation， but many persons foolishly tire out themselves by cycling too much. The same may be said in regard to football。 Tennis is a pleasant form of recreation。 Many persons take great delight in boating。 Fishing requires much patience， and there is much danger of taking cold by sitting still on a cold day too long. A good brisk （轻松) walk is one of the finest forms of exercise. For persons engaged in outdoor labor， chess—playing is another excellent form of recreation。
　　可以看出，举例法和罗列法有时可以结合使用：即用罗列法来列出例子，用例子充实罗列的说明。
　　3。比较法（comparison and contrast）
　　比较法是对两个对象进展比较,(comparison）和比较不同点(contrast）两种方法，比方：
　　From Paragraph to Essay
　　Although they are different in length （长度）， the paragraph and the essay are quite similar in structure （构造）. For example， the paragraph starts with either a topic sentence （主题句） or a topic introducer followed by a topic sentence. In the essay， the first paragraph sets up the topic focus （主题所在) Next， the sentence