英语基础知识.docx

英语基础知识
一：英语的基本成分有七种：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
主语 ：可以作主语的有名词（如
boy），主格代词（如 I,she，he,they,we,you），指
示代词（如 this）,动词不定式 （ading
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修饰名词 boy）
状语 ：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地
点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
（短语）作状语：
The boy needs a pen very much. （程度状语）
The boy really needs a pen.（程度状语）
The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen.（时间状语）
：
In the classroom ,the boy needs a pen.（地点状语）
On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom. (时间状语 )
（短语）作状语：
He sits there,asking for a pen. （表示伴随状态）
Blamed by his father ,he sits there soundlessly./（因为）被他父亲骂了，他无声地 坐在那儿。（原因状语）
4．不定式作状语：
The boy needs a pen to do his homework.（目的状语）I am glad to see you. （原因状语）
He hurried to the station,only to find the bus had left . (结果状语，意料之外 )
5．状语从句 (9 种)：时间状语从句（引导词有
since自从 when,while,after 等）、
地点状语从句（引导词有 where 等）、原因状语从句（引导词有 because,since既
然等）、结果状语从句（引导词有 so (that)所以等）、目的状语从句（引导词有 in
order that,so that为了等）、比较状语从句 （引导词有 as⋯ as;the same as等）、让步
状语从句（引导词有 though,although,even if,whatever等）、条件状语从句（引导
词有 if,unless,in case等）和方式状语从句（引导词有
as按照 ,as if 等）。
When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting. As it is raining, I will not go out.
Make a mark where you have a question.
Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.
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She was ill, so that she didn ’ t attend the meeting.
If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.