论陆机的诗歌及其评价.doc

论陆机的诗歌及其评价
摘

要
作为西晋文学的著名代表,陆机的诗歌在中国文学史上有着重要的地
位和意义。千载以降,人们对陆诗的理解和接受却分歧颇大:唐代以前
的学者对它多有褒赞;宋代以后又批评甚多;20 世纪 80 年代以来,针对
以前对陆诗的批评,不少学者作过翻案文章。本文试图在全面梳理历代
对陆诗不同评价的基础上,对陆机诗歌在艺术形式及情感表现方面的开
拓创造及其得失进行具体探讨,提出自己的一些看法。
在艺术形式方面,陆机提出了“绮靡”、“贵妍”等主张,具有重要
的理论意义。与之相应,陆诗在语言、结构及表现方式诸方面,都做
出了积极的探索,形成了丽密典雅、体态华美的诗风。这就突破了汉
魏以来古朴浑成的诗歌面貌,将中国诗歌推向了一个新的发展阶段。
由此言之,唐代以前对陆诗艺术形式方面的赞赏,是有眼光的。
在情感表现方面,陆机虽提出了“诗缘情而绮靡”的主张和“悲”、
“雅”的审美标准,但他并未将这些理论完全贯彻到他的创作实践中。
许多“亦步亦趋”的摹拟,不少勉强而作的应制、赠答,以及对铺陈、
华美文辞的讲究,使得陆诗在情感表现方面总体显得真挚不足,难以
产生广泛的共鸣,这也妨碍了陆诗登上诗歌艺术的最高殿堂。因此,
宋代以后对陆诗情感表现的批评,除去其中某些迂腐之见外,基本上
是中肯的。
审视陆机诗歌创作的得失,对人们如何处理诗歌创作中形式与情
感、摹拟与创新的关系,有着深刻的启示意义。而反思千百年来对陆
诗褒贬不一的评价,对我们今天的古典诗歌研究亦会启迪良多。
关键词:陆诗

绮靡

繁复

真挚

深厚
On Lu Ji’s Poetry and Its Appraisement
ABSTRACT
As a well-known delegate of the Westward Jin’s Literature, Lu Ji’s poetry
has an important position and meaning. People have had a lots divergences
about its understanding and acceptance since a thousand years. It received
high praise before Tang Dynasty. But it received much unfavourable criticism
after Song Dynasty. And many scholars have made reversed articles aiming at
previous criticisms of it since 1980’s. In this essay, I will try studing
particularly creation and ess or failure of Lu Ji’s poetry in the respect of
artistic form and feelings expression on the base of reviewing more
comprehensively different judgements about it.
In the aspect of artistic form, Lu Ji put forward the idea that a poem is
sensuously intricate and honors the alluring, having an important theoretical
meaning. Correspending to it, he made active explorations in language,
structure and expression way. It forms a beautiful, dense, elegent and
gorgeous poetic quality. So it has broke through the unsophisticated and
integrated poetic appearance since Han and Wei Dynasty, and has advanced
Chinese poetry to reach a new period. For this reason, it is reasonable that Lu
Ji’s poetry was affirmed in the artistic form before the Tang Dynasty