论清代存留养亲制度-毕业论文.doc

I Abstract “Support Lineal Elders ”system, itiscalled “Support ”for short, itmeans that noone could take care ofthe offenders ’randparents except the perpetrator sthemselves, who are given death penalty 、banishment orimprisonment ,they would not beexecut epreviously punishment for the moment conditionally .Therefore, ifitisnot acapital crime which should beavoid able can not bepardoned .Ifthe offenders are sentenced bybanishment , they could free form the punishment .Itcould execute suspended sentence before set term ofimprisonment ,and restart the implementation ofpunishment after their randparents die. Theorigin of“Support Lineal Elders ”system isfrom Taihe year twelve Northern Wei Emperor Xiaowen ,and revoke inlate Qing dynasty ,itlasted for 1400 years ,which isaforward ofConfucian legalization .This text isbegin with history ofthe system, base onthe dynasty ’sdescription which before Qing prehend the system. Focus onthe origin and development of“Support Lineal Elders ”system in Qing dynasty .Through explore the statutes and regulations ,embodied the ancient Confucianism .Godeep into discuss ing the system that how toapply toand the historical Status ofancient ngand analyzing the system invarious dynasties, tosum upthat the prominent changes inQing dynasty and the reference for the modern legal system . Key words :Qing dynasty ;Retained tosupport the elder s;Statutes and Regulations 论清代“存留养亲”制度 1 论清代“存留养亲”制度“存留养亲”制度是我国古代法律体系中重要的法律制度。“存留养亲”制度是指古代犯徒、流、死刑的人家中有直系亲属,如(外)祖父母、父母需要照顾并且除了犯罪人以外没有成年子孙,可以上请皇帝,若犯的死罪不是十恶的重罪,则可以从宽处理, 免于死刑。若犯的是徒刑,则可以暂不收监。若犯的是流刑,则可以免于发遣。在罪犯对其尊长养老送终后再按规定进行处置。“存留养亲”制度是封建王朝为巩固其统治地位而设立的,是中国古代重要且特别的刑法制度。在封建统治者建立以儒家思想为统治理念的同时,“孝”治天下也成为统治者当然的途径之一。而“存留养亲”制度正是孝道的重要体现。正如儒家所说的那样,孝道与封建统治是可以并存而且互相协调的。因此,统治者在不损害自身的统治地位前提下,有条件地释放一些罪犯来表现其仁义统治。“存留养亲”制度的法律儒家化即突出体现在“以礼率法”和“纳礼入律”上, 儒家的学说纷纷以法律形式被固定下来, 直接规范老百姓,许多宗法伦理道德直接提升为法律规范。孝文帝汉化改革中的法制建设正是继承了这一传统,在此基础上有着新的发展。留养制度在北魏时入律,为后世所沿袭。它强调维护家庭关系的稳定,是中国古代法律家族化、伦理化的体现。一、清以前“存留养亲”制度的概况(一)“存留养亲”制度的产生背景汉以前征战和政权交替频繁、社会动荡