实证会计理论.ppt

实证会计理论
I. Evolution and State of Positive Accounting Theory
Evolut firm (., choice of corporate form, structure of contracts, management compensation, centralization-decentralization).
The underlying notion is that competition among different forms of institutions leads to the survival of those forms most cost-effective in supplying goods and services.
I. Evolution and State of Positive Accounting Theory
Evolution
It was a short step to suggest that accounting methods affect the firm's organizational costs and so the accounting methods that survive are the result of a similar economic equilibrium. Accounting researchers have recently returned to using that notion of an efficient set of accounting methods to explain accounting choice.
The agency costs associated with debt and management compensation contracts and the agency, information, and other contracting costs associated with the political process provided the hypotheses tested in the early empirical accounting choice studies.
I. Evolution and State of Positive Accounting Theory
Evolution
However, the more general approach suggested agency and other costs associated with other contracts could also affect accounting choice, this potential for many contracts to play a role in explaining organizational choice (including accounting choice) and the fact that agency costs used to explain the contracts often arise in contractual scenarios that differ from those of the standard agency problem led researchers to start to use the term "contracting costs" instead of agency costs.
The concept of contracting costs and the notion of accounting methods as part of efficient organizational technology play key roles in contemporaneous positive accounting theory.
I. Evolution and State of Positive Accounting Theory
Contemporaneous Positive Accounting Theory
Contracting costs arise in (1) market transactions (2)transactions internal to the firm and (3) tran