建筑英语论文.docx

This model paper was revised by the Standardization Office on December 10, 2020
建筑英语论文
Community-oriented ality of their everyday environments [3]. So a good strategy for a sustainable landscape development should not only focus on sustaining the physical
landscape resources, but it should also and perhaps most of all guarantee that the residents can participate in the landscape development [4]. Sustainability indicators for urban development should include more parameters about public spaces and green open areas, as well as indexes reflecting citizens’ satisfaction and perception of their living environments [3]. This paper direct to the importance of urban parks for the well being of the citizens and for the sustainability of the city they live in.
2. Literature Review
. Community and Advantages of Participation
Concepts such as ‘community’ and ‘community participation’ have been intensively problematized in recent decades in both developed and developing countries. Contexts are indeed different and varied [5]. The word ‘community’ is an umbrella term that is defined and applied in a myriad of ways [6].
Citizen participation is, however, a lot more than just consulting people for the successful resolution of social, cultural and economic issues related to environmental conflicts. The primary goal of participation is to give proper responsibility to people for, and control over, their lives [7]. The importance of community participation has been emphasized in the 5th Development Plan of Islamic Republic of Iran that highlighted the necessity community-oriented approaches, especially in landscape architecture.
. Participation in Process Design
To produce an object-design and, as far as necessary, a realization design, one may want to design the design process itself. However, as in the realization process, in many cases already some kind of design process may be in place. Experienced individual architectural or engineering designers, or sma