曼昆经济学原理Chap04.ppt

供给和需求的市场力量The Market Forces of Supply and Demand
Chapter 4 第四章
Copyright © 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.All rights reservd that buyers are willing and able to purchase.
需求的决定 Determinants of Demand
市场价格 Market price
消费者收入 Consumer income
相关物品的价格
Prices of related goods
嗜好（偏好）Tastes（preference)
预期 Expectations
上课要象我一样专注，吭！
需求法则 Law of Demand
需求法则 描述的是商品价格和需求量之间的反向关系。其它条件相同时，价格上升，需求量下降。
The law of demand states that there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded.
需求表 Demand Schedule
需求表 是表示
物品价格和需求量之间关系的表格
The demand schedule is a table that shows the relationship between the price of the good and the quantity demanded.
需求表 Demand Schedule
需求曲线 Demand Curve
需求曲线是把价格和需求量
联系起来的一条向下倾斜的曲线。
The demand curve is the downward-sloping line relating price to quantity demanded.
需求曲线 Demand Curve
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冰淇凌价格Price of Ice-Cream Cone
冰激凌数量Quantity of Ice-Cream Cones
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其它条件相同 Ceteris Paribus
Ceteris paribus 是拉丁语，含义是除了我们研究的变量外，假定所有其他变量不变。
Ceteris paribus is a Latin phrase that means all variables other than the ones being studied are assumed to be constant. Literally, ceteris paribus means “other things being equal.”
需求曲线向下倾斜，是由于假定其他变量不变。The demand curve slopes downward because, ceteris paribus, lower prices imply a greater quantity demanded!
市场需求 Market Demand
市场需求 指的是所有个人对某种物品或服务的需求的总和。
Market demand refers to the sum of all individual demands for a particular good or service.
从图形上看，个人需求曲线水平相加就得到市场需求曲线。
Graphically, individual demand curves are summed horizontally to obtain the market demand curve.
需求的决定 Determinants of Demand
市场价格 Market price
消费者收入 Consumer income
相关物品的价格
Prices of related goods
嗜好（偏好）Tastes（preference)
预期 Expectations
需求量的变化和需求变化Change in Quantity Demanded versus Change in Demand
需求量的变化
Change in Quantity Demanded
沿需求曲线的移动
Movement along the demand curve.
是由于产品价格变化引起的
Caused by