《chapter1大多数》.ppt

《Import & Export Practices 》
Teacher: chen xiangyu
Department: school of foreign languages
Students: Business Engufacture products they are good at
to exchange the product they need
through international trade)
. Japan-producing cars (tech-intensive)
India-producing cotton (labor-intensive)
Japan will use cars to trade cotton with India
to achieve economic wellbeing
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Example:
甲国和乙国都只生产衣服和食物，
在同质的资源下，
甲国生产一单位衣服的机会成本是二单位食物，
而乙国生产一单位衣服的机会成本是三单位食物，根据比较优势理论，
甲国享有生产衣服的比较优势，
便应该专业生产衣服，并出口之，以换取食物。
而乙国在生产衣服上有比较劣势，
意味它生产食物享有比较优势。
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2. Three chief reasons
Resource Reasons
Covers land, raw materials, water
Basic reason:
These resources are distributed
unevenly around the world
Purpose of trade:
get materials one nation lacks
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Climatic conditions and terrain
. Colombia and Brazil
ideal climate for growing coffee beans
export coffee beans to gain foreign exchange
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(2) Natural resources
. China is abundant in rare-earth 稀土
the Kuomintang once used it to
exchange weapons with Germany
to fight against Japanese army
in 1930s
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(3) Technologies and labor
. Many Philippines go to Hong Kong
as domestic servants
Capital resources
A produced wealth (created by people)
That has been cumulated over years
. Since 1980s,
large sum of foreign capital
has poured into China
(5) Geographic location and transport costs
due to geographic proximity and low transport cost
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. China and ASEAN
（=Association of Southeast Asian Nations)
Free Trade Area
CAFTA
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(6) Insufficient production
. South Korea
land is so limited that
it has to import a lot of fruit and vegetable
from other nations
to meet the demand
therefore, price of apple
is very expensive
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2) Economi