托福iBT口语课堂 第六题[突破英语等级考试].ppt

Q6是一个教授的课堂讲座,教授会讲到一个concept或者是definition,然后会用具体的例子或过程来进行解释,然后让考生总结或者说是诠释讲座的主要内容。
今天主要学习的一种能力是paraphrasing
A paraphrase is a restatement of what someone else has written or said, using one’s own words. 可以理解成解释或者是诠释,它与summarizing是不同的,summarizing主要是main points,但是paraphrasing is a more detailed restatement
在听的过程中we should write down the following points:
1.      listen carefully to what the narrator has said. “listen to part of a lecture in a United States history class”. 原因:
2.      write down prolonged and stressed words 延缓读音和重读的地方。声音要表现重要性,只有这两点。 Concept or definition 还有 key words, 比如说例子的key words或者说解释concept or definition的key words
3.      catch the signal words. 只说几个重要的:for example, such as, on one hand, on the other hand 不要把signal words记下来,是把signal words后面的关键词记下来。
:
4. 最后一句话重要信息记下来。很多时候可以用上,用在你的conclusion中。为什么最后一句话容易记下来呢?因为最后一句话离整个听力结束也就是几秒的时间,你的短时记忆会让你轻松的把它记下来的。
5. 问题中的重要信息,这个可以放在你的topic中。
Template:
Topic: in the listening material, the professor talks about …(就是你听到的问题中的重要信息) Supporting details: (paraphrasing)
1.      example
2.      example
3.      example
Conclusion: (optional)
下面我们看看哪些地方需要进行paraphrase
(1)    例子。也就是说教授举出的例子中一些重要或关键的动词或者形容词、副词词组。
For example, people in small towns began to adopt behaviors, clothes, and speech that were popular in big cities or in other parts of the country.
Paraphrasing:
People in small towns started to act, dress and speak in the same way as the people in big cities.
(2)    就是你能很容易找到同义词组的地方。
Americans in small towns and munities now had the ability to travel with ease to nearby cities.
Paraphrasing: can travel easily to nearby cities.
哪些地方不需要paraphrasing呢?
一些重要的concept or mon national culture the automobile radio
而且大家注意不要走极端,有些同学过于在乎考虑每一句话都要paraphrasing, 最后根本都说不完。你就是按照教授原话说出来也总比你说不完好啊。所以,大家不要过犹不及啊,going too far is as bad as not going far enough. 掌握一个原则:说的时候顺其自然,能在1秒钟内反映出来的就paraphrasing, 否则就按照原话来。
如何进行paraphrasing
(1)    找同意词或词组,或者找反义词组,然后前面加一个not.
(2)    变化句式
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