尼采：善恶之彼岸.ppt

Beyond Good and EvilPart two: The Free Spirit
在《自由精神》这一部分之中,尼采主要是批判了前人关于人的自由精神的描述,并对一般人内心中关于自由精神的概念进行摧毁
Point: Independence is a privilege of the strong
“Independence is for the very few; it is a privilege of the strong. And whoever attempts it even with the best right but without inner constraint proves that he is probably not only strong, but also daring to the point of recklessness.”
(part two 29)
in short, wherever one believed in an order of rank and not in equality and equal rights-does not so much consist in this, that the exoteric es from outside and sees, estimates, measures, and judges from the outside, not the inside: what is much more essential is that the exoteric approach sees things from below, the esoteric looks down from above. (30)
尼采提倡一种崭新的等级制度,与过去的政治上等级制度不同。这种等级制度是以人的精神力量的高低将人进行划分
超人(Übermensch)和末人(Letztemensch)
衡量标准:权力意志
只有少数强者才能真正的独立
来源:叔本华的生存意志(der Wille zum Leben)
Philosophy is this tyrannical drive itself,the most spiritual will to power, to the “creation of the world,“ to the causa prima.(9)
will to knowledge on the foundation of a far more powerful will: the -will to ignorance, to the uncertain, to the untrue! Not as its opposite, but-as its refinements(24)
超人:超越自身、超越弱者的人,充分表现自己、是真理与道德的准绳,是规范与价值的创造者;自由的、自私的、自足的,信奉主人道德(Master morality)
权力意志(der Wille zur Macht)
末人:指一种无希望﹑无创造﹑平庸畏葸﹑浅陋渺小的人。现在末人是指和超人相反的,(Slave morality),限制了超人的人。
在现实中,集