隧道专业外语.doc

Part 1 General words
岩土工程
Geotechnical engineering
基础工程
Foundation engineering
土
soil ,earth`
土力学
soil mechanics
周期荷载
cyclic loading
卸载
再加载
reloading
粘弹性地基
viscoelastic foundation
粘滞阻尼
viscous damping
剪切模量
shear modulus
土动力学
soil dynamics
应力路径
stress path
Part 2 Types of soil
残积土
residual soil
地下水
groundwater
地下水位
groundwater level /groundwater table
粘土矿物
clay minerals
次生矿物
secondary minerals
滑坡
landslide
钻孔柱状图
bore hole columnar section
工程地质勘察
engineering geologic investigation
漂石
boulder
卵石
cobble
砂石
gravel
砾砂
gravelly sand
粗砂
coarse sand
中砂
medium sand
细砂
fine sand
粉土
silty sand
粘性土
clayey soil
粘土
clay
粉质粘土
silty clay
砂质粉土
sandy silt
粘质粉土
clayey silt
饱和土
saturated soil
非饱和土
unsaturated soil
填土
filled soil
Part 3 Permeability and seepage
达西定律
Darcy’s law
管涌
piping
流土
flowing soil
砂沸
sand boiling
流网

渗流
seepage
渗漏
leakage
渗透压力
seepage (force) pressure
渗透性
permeability
水力梯度
hydraulic gradient
渗透系数
coefficient of permeability
Part 4 Deformation and stress of foundation
软土
soft soil
打入桩(负)摩阻力
(negative) skin friction of driven pile
有效应力
effective stress
总应力
total stress
十字板抗剪强度
field vane shear strength
低活性
low activity
灵敏度
sensitivity
三轴试验
triaxial test
基础设计
foundation design
再压缩
paction
承载力
bearing capacity
土体
soil mass
接触压力
contact pressure
集中荷载
concentrated load
半无限弹性体
a semi-infinite elastic solid
均质
homogeneous
各向同性
isotropic
条基
strip footing
方形独立基础
square spread footing
下卧层(土)
underlying soil (stratum ,strata)
恒载/静载
dead load
持续荷载
sustained load
活载
live load
短期瞬时荷载
short –term transient load
长期荷载
long-term transient load
折算荷载
reduced load
沉降
settlement
变形
deformation
套管
casing
堤(防)
dike=dyke
粘粒粒组
clay fraction
物理性质
physical properties
路基
subgrade
级配良好土
well-graded soil
级配不良土
poorly-graded soil
筛子
sieve
摩尔-库仑破坏条件
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