曼昆《经济学原理》23measuringnation.ppt

8
THE DATA OF MACROECONOMICS
23
Measuring a Nation’s Income
Measuring a Nation’s Income
Microeconomics
MicroecoRS OF PRODUCTION
Firms sell
Households buy
MARKETS
FOR
GOODS AND SERVICES
Copyright © 2004 South-Western
THE MEASUREMENT OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
GDP is the market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time.
THE MEASUREMENT OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
“GDP is the Market Value . . .”
Output is valued at market prices.
“. . . Of All Final . . .”
It records only the value of final goods, not intermediate goods (the value is counted only once).
“. . . Goods and Services . . . “
It includes both tangible goods (food, clothing, cars) and intangible services (haircuts, housecleaning, doctor visits).
THE MEASUREMENT OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
“. . . Produced . . .”
It includes goods and services currently produced, not transactions involving goods produced in the past.
“ . . . Within a Country . . .”
It measures the value of production within the geographic confines of a country.
THE MEASUREMENT OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
“. . . In a Given Period of Time.”
It measures the value of production that takes place within a specific interval of time, usually a year or a quarter (three months).
THE COMPONENTS OF GDP
GDP includes all items produced in the economy and sold legally in markets.
THE COMPONENTS OF GDP
What Is Not Counted in GDP?
GDP excludes most items that are produced and consumed at home and that never enter the marketplace.
It excludes items produced and sold illicitly, such as illegal drugs.
THE COMPONENTS OF GDP
GDP (Y) is the sum of the following:
Consumption (C)
Investment (I)
Government Purchases (G)
Net Exports (NX)
Y = C + I + G + NX
THE COMPONENTS OF GDP
Consumption (C):
The spending by households on goods and services, with the exception of purchases of new housing.
Investment (I):
The spending on capital equipment, inventories, and structures, including new housing.