英语音标资料.docx

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英语音标表(48个)
元音(20个)蓝色(OriginalVersionOfIPA)
长元音/ɑ://?://?:/?:/i://U:/
短元音/?//?/?/?//?//?/u/e/
/?/
/eI/e?/aI/a?/?I/??
双元音/??//e?/ε?/??/u?
/??/?u/a?/au
辅音(28个)
轻辅音/p//t//k//f//θ//s//?/
/h//ts//t?//tr/
浊辅音/b//d//g//v//e//z//?/
/r//dz//d?//dr/
鼻音/m//n//?/
半元音/j//w/
边音/?/
英语音标及字母组合比较
元音:
1)
/?/发音字母u
o
ou
oo
up
supperlunch
fun
gun
hunt
cup
bus
motherdoeslove
troublerough
bloodflood
/ɑ:/发音字母araal
carfarmcardarmgarden
fastclasslastglassplant
calmhalf
auntheart
/?/?发音字母oaou
hot
lost
lot
fox
box
hop
loss
collar
not
want
wash
watch
4)/?:/
发音字母al
or
ore
oo
auour
ouaraw
Small
wall
talk
tall
ballwalk
short
more
lord
horse
for
forty
sport
store
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door
floor
author
caught
autumn
four
court
bought
brought
warm
warn
quarter
law
saw
5)/?/发音字母er
or
ou
ar
o
a
e
u
ur
teacher
leader
remember
player
speaker
farmer
doctor
actor
author
delicious
familiar
dollar
tomorrow
today
lesson
polite
control
around
ago
elephant
banana
CanadaJapan
men
listen
famulus
Saturday
6)/
?:/
?:
发音字母ir
ur
ear
er
or
bird
girl
skirt
third
turn
burn
murder
nurse
turtle
Thursday
burger
learn
earn
earth
heard
term
her
serve
work
world
7)/
?/
发音字母
i
y
e
ui
u
ay
a
sit
picture
it
is
list
six
mix
fix
fit
many
happytwenty
dictionary
decide
build
yesterday
8)/i:/
发音字母:ee
ea
e
ie
ei
(eoeyi)
three
tree
green
sheep
meet
beef
see
seek
eat
tea
meatteacher
mean
speak
he
she
me
piece
believe
receive
ceiling
9)/?/
u发音字母oo
ou
u
o
look
good
foot
bookwood
should
could
put
full
push
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womanwolf
10)
/U:/
发音字母oo
o
u
ou
food
moon
room
gloom
broom
doom
goose
tooth
do
whom
prove
move
two
rude
true
blue
you
group
11)/e/
发音字母ea
e
a
(ue,u,ie,ai,ei,ay
)
head
bread
pleasure
feather
elephant
remember
sell
shell
lesson
better
beddeskyes
manyany
/?/发音字母a
baghandandanthappyhatmapmadbadblackgladflagman13)/e?/eI发音字母eiaayeaaiey
eight
namecakelategateplaneApril
playsayway
greatbreak
rain
plain
paint
paid
they
hey
grey
14)/a?/
aI发音字母i
y
uy
bike
fine
find
dienine
light
night
high
my
try
fly
eye
buy
guy
15)/??/
?I
发音字母oy
oi
boy
toy
joy
enjoy
oil
soil
voice
choice
/??/发音字母eerearerebeerdeer
earnear
hereidea
/e?/ε?发音字母earairerearepearbear
chairairfairtherewherecaredare
18)/??/u?发音字母ouroorure
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tourpoorsure
/??/?u发音字母oowoa
homecoldnophonehostghost
knowlowbelowgrowblowshowflow
boatcoatgoal
/a?/au发音字母ouow
houseoutflourgroundaccountcountsoundloud
flowerdownnowcowhowtown
辅音:

音标对照:/k/
/g/
/t/
/d/
/p/
/b/
发音字母:c/k/ck
g
t
d
p
b
keep
get
tea
deed
put
book
kid
gain
team
deep
pen
bed
cake
beg
neat
need
pet
bet
pick
pig
bet
bed
pull
ball

音标对照:/f/
/v/
/θ/
/e/
发音字母:f/ph
v
th
th
life
live
thick
this
five
vote
theme
than
physics
visit
teeth
they
音标对照:/s/
/z/
/?/
/?/
发音字母:s/c
s/z
sh/ch/ci/ti/si
si/s
sink
zip
action
treasure
pass
zoo
machine
measure
advice
his
finish
revision
Asia、ancient
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音标对照:/tr//dr//ts//dz//t?//dr/
发音字母:trdrtsdschj/ge/
treedreambetsbedschessjob
trydryseatsseedschildrenenergy
treatdrawnetsneedsmatch
4)鼻音
音标对照:/m/
/n/
/
?/
发音字母:m
n
ngn
Some
noon
sing
Come
nose
song
Map
note
king
Moon
nothing
thank
5)其余
音标:
发音字母:

/h//r//j//w//?/
h/whr/wryw/whL
Hot
race
yearwait
let
House
red
yes
wide
leap
Horse
right
yard
what
deal
Whole
wrong
young
while
sale
Who
write
yet
when
belt
Whse
【注意】wh
在元音字母O前才发/h/
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语音知识:
1)字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u
音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。即20个元音音素和28个辅音音
素.
元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻挡;是组成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。
辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流遇到阻挡;不是组成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。
音节:由元音和辅音组成的发音单位。ap'ple,stu'dent,tea'cher,un'der'stand。
开音节:a)辅音+元音+辅音+enamebikehomedue;
辅音+元音he,go,hi。
闭音节:a)辅音+元音+辅音bad,bed,sit,hot,cup;
b)元音+辅音it。
重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。
读音规则
重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)。
非重读音节[]banana,student,today,after,[i]orange,secret,evening,
very,Monday。
特别读音
1)音的连读:前面的词以元辅音结尾,后边的单词以元音开头,这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。
notatall,halfanhour,Iloveyouandall、afterall。
2)失掉爆破:辅音爆破音或摩擦音后边跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等,前面的辅音要失掉爆破。
goodgirl,goodstudent,goodjob,expression,school,extreme。
3)音的同化:两个特别的音遇到一同,会发出变异成特别的音。
Wouldyoudoit?Iamgladtomeetyou、Can'tyouseeit?lastyear,thisyear。
重音
A)双音节词
a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter,sorry。
b)有a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans-
等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。a'bout,be'lieve,ad'dress,de'cide,re'port,con'demn,res'pect,com'pare,
in'form,dis'cuss,im'press,mis'take,en'force,pre'pare,em'ploy,per'mit,es'cape,pro'duce,ex'claim,trans'late
c)有de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-等前缀的重音与词义和词类相关,一般名词的重
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音在第一个音节上,其余的
词性在第二个音节上。'record,re'cord;'insult,in'sult;'conduct,con'duct;'presentpre'sent;'content,con'tent。
d)有些复合词和带有前缀re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的词,有两个重音。
'out'side,'re'tell,'well-'known,'un'real,'fif'teen,'Chi'nese,'pre-'war,'post-'war。
B)多音节词
a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult,'communist,'family,e'conomy,oppor'tunity,de'mocracy。
b)有一些双音节词,加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按本来词根的重音读音
'carefully,in'definite,'comfortable,con'ductor,ac'cording,dis'turbance,'complicated,es'tablishment。
c)词尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive后缀的词,重音在
这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour'teous,cal'ligraphy,edi'torial,his'torian,peri'odic,mathe'matics,ex'perience,
suf'ficient,i'dentify,trans'lation,re'ligious,curi'osity,pro'tective。
d)词尾有-ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,并且有
一个次重音。
enter'tain,emplo'yee,mountai'neer,Japa'nese,ciga'rette。
一些特别规则:
S后的清音/k//p//t/要化/g//b//d/音。
如:skyskillstopstudentspacesport
字母合tion有两种音/t?n/,/??n/
如:/t?n/question/??n/situationnationinvitation
有些中某些字母不音
如:hourclimbChristmasknowlisten
一般状况开音本音(如+元++e的构)
a[e?]cake,face,table,grade,⋯have[?]除外
e[i:]these,he,she,be,we⋯
I[a?]mine,ride,time,⋯give,live[?]除外
o[??]nose,those,hope,⋯(此外,‘后o’是m,n,v,th,[?]
如:love,some,come,glove,brother,mother;whose,whom[u:]除外。)
U[ju:]cute,use
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音一般不本音(如+元+的构)
a[?]cat,black,glad,⋯
e[e]bed,left,help,⋯
I[?]big,milk,think,⋯
o/?/?hot,stop,clock,⋯
u[?]bus,sun,but,⋯put,pull[?]除外
一种音的字母合:ai,ay[e?]rain,play
al[?:]all,walktalkhalf[ɑ:]除外
oa[??]coat,boat
ch[t?]chair,Chinaschool[k]除外
ck[k]duck,clock
sh[?]shirt,shoes有sure[?]
a前是音[w],a/?/?,如:want,what,watch,wallet,wash
a后是字母ss,s,f,n,一般[ɑ:],如grass,class,ask,after,⋯
i后是ld,nd尾,i[a?],如:find,kind,child,behind,⋯
一些常用字母组合的发音:
ar
air
ear
ere
ea

[ɑ:]farm
far
fartherpark
[?:]quarterwarm
[e?]chair
hair
hairdryer
pair
airport
[??]dear
year
earearphone
near
hear
[e?]bear
pear
[?:]learn
early
[??]here
[e?]where
there
[?:]were
[e?]great
[e]
head
sweater
breakfastreadybread
headacheheavy
[i:]
speak
peach
beach
each
please
read
reading-room
teacher
teacheatseat
tea
teapot
meat
ice-creamEaster
mean
[??]really
idea
theatre
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ee
er
or

[i:]seeeighteenthreegreensweettreeHalloweenneedstreetsweep
weekend
[?:]herhersterm
[?]brotherdaughterfathermothersisterteachernumbertigerafter
flower
doctorvisitormirrorcalculator[?:]workworkerwordworld
[?:]forfortymorningshortsportforkhorseNewYorkordermore
before
ir/ur[?:]birdgirlbirthdayshirtskirtthirdcirclethirstythirtysirfirst
turnpursenursehamburgersurfThursdayhurt
igh[a?]nightbrightrightlightfighthighheight
[e?]eightweight
oo[?]cookfootfootballclassroombedroombathroomlookgoodgoodbye
bookbookcasestorybook
[u:]foodschooltoozoocoolroombroomnoodletoothtoothache
afternoonsoonballoonspoonmooncartoon
ou[?]countrycountrysidetouchyoungcousin
[a?]cloudyshoutabouthousehouseworkblousegroundmountainsound
trousersmouthmousearoundloudlyout
[??]shoulder
[?]shouldwould
ow[a?]howdowntownbrownflowernowcow
[??]rowknowyellowbowlwindowfollowHalloweentomorrowshow
glowgrowblowslowlowsnowsnowysnowball
th[θ]mouththinkthinthanktheatrebathroomthreethirdthirteen
thirtythirstyanythingsomething
[e]brotherfathermotherthethisthesethatthosetheythem
theirthenwiththerethan
Ed[d]listenedplayedanswered⋯(元音、音尾)
[t]jumpedhelpedlikedmilkedcookedpickedwashedwatcheddanced
stopped(清)
[?d]tastedcollectedvisitedwantedplantedstarted(t,d尾的)
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