被动语态 A.ppt

被动语态The Passive Voice
1 动词形式的变化:主语和谓语动词的关系 是主动The Active Voice? 还是被动The Passive Voice?
被动语态:主语和谓语是被动关系
主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象
那些动词可用于被动语态?
1 可加宾语的及物动词
lucy paints(及物动词) a picture(宾语)is painted
2成语动词(不及物动词+介词)
they broken into his house. was broken into
3由情态动词构成的谓语
we can do it in a day. can be done
4非谓语动词——被动形式passive forms
i have nothing to do. there is nothing to be done.
she hated living alone. she hated being treated like that.
i heard someone singing. i heart the song sung.
主动句中谓语动词的发出者由by引出,作为by的宾语,也可以省略。
请看以下主动语态和被动语态结构的转换:
主动语态:主语+谓语+宾语
被动语态:
例: We clean our classroom every day. (主动)


[注意]①把主动语态改为被动语态时,句子的时态不能变。如上
例,所给的主动句子是一般现在时,改为被动语态时,也
要用一般现在时。
②如果主动句中的主语是人称代词,改为被动句时作介词
by的宾语,要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。
主语
+
+
by+宾语
be+过去分词
Our classroom
is cleaned
by us
every day
(被动)
被动语态的构成被动语态由"助动词be+."构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
现举例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
:am/is/are+.
. English is used by many people around the world every day.
:was/were+.
A number of houses were destroyed in the earthquake on May 12.
:will/shall be+. . More tall buildings will be built in the future.
:am/is/are being+.
. Many tall buildings are being built in the city now.
:was/were being+.
. The work was being done by many people when we arrived.
:have/has been+.
. The exercises have already been finished by the students.
7、含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词(should,can,may,must…)+be+.
. The trees may be planted in spring.
The room must be kept clean.
Your homework can be done at school.
Teenagers should be allowed to surf the .
→Teenagers should not be allowed to surf the .
→ Should teenagers be allowed to surf the ?
→What should teenagers be allowed to do?
各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表
归纳总结方法
把主动语态改为被动语态可按“、、”来进
行。即:
①变---把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语,把主动
语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。
②套---根据原句的时态套用相应时态。
③注意--注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。
例:①Many people speak English.
English by many people.
②He washed his shoes yesterday