外语学习理论与外语学习者研究综述.doc

外语学习理论与外语学习者研究
Language Learning Theory and Language Learner Study
外语学习论:
20世纪80年代之前,人们研究“Teaching”,之后转向了“Learning”。影响最大的学科有以下四个:心理学、哲学、语言学、环境学。
心理学的影响:行为主义心理学(Behavourism)/ 认知心理学(Cognitivism)
哲学的影响:经典人文主义(Classical Humanism)/ 重建主义(Restructionism)
语言学的影响:三种母语习得理论(强化论-又称刺激反应论)(Reinforcement T)/内在论(Innate T)又称先天论/相互作用论(Interaction Theory))、四种二语习得理论(中介语理论(Interlanguage)/文化移入说(Acculturation . Model)--by Schunman(舒曼)/渐进体系说(Approximative System)/输入说(Input Theory)(克拉申))
环境学的影响:关键期假说(Critical period)
Learner-centred Principle
"Learner centered" is the perspective that couples a focus on individual learners-their heredity, experiences, perspectives, backgrounds, talents, interests, capacities, and needs-with a focus on leaning-the best available knowledge about learning and how it occurs and about teaching practices that are most effective in promoting the highest levels of motivation, learning, and achievement for all learners. This dual focus then informs and drives educational decision making. Learner-centered is a reflection in practice of the Learner-Centered Psychological Principles-in the programs, practices, policies, and people that support learning for all.
外语学习者研究:二语习得--学习过程;学习者差异;学习者语言(中介语)
学习过程(learning process)研究:
-第一语言影响(Transfer )
-泛化(Generalization)
-简化(Simplification)
-模仿(Imitation)
-显性知识和隐性知识的作用,有意识和无意识的学习过程
-习得顺序(Sequences & phases o