中世纪的骑士精神及其衰落.doc

中世纪的骑士精神及其衰落
摘要: 在学习西欧中世纪骑士制度过程中,了解到了骑士制度在中世纪历史上所占据的历史地位。骑士制度被誉为"封建制度之花",是社会中坚力量,骑士精神对国王到最低等贵族的统治阶级产生了巨大影响。庄园经济的衰落使骑士制度逐步瓦解;战争的平民化和雇佣军的盛行使骑士队伍萎缩;基督教的腐朽弱化了"骑士精神"; 不适应军事和战争变革的需要,几个方面解释在政治和社会上拥有如此高地位的骑士阶层从繁荣到衰落的原因。
Abstract: We understood the historical position of chivalry in the Middle Ages in the process of learning medieval Chivalry of western Europe. Chivalry was known as the "the flower of the feudal system", was the social backbone, and had a huge influence to the ruling class from the king to the lowest noble. This paper explained the cause that knight class which had such a high position in the politics and society declined from prosperity from several aspects, the decline of manor economic made chivalry gradually collapsed, the civilian of war and the prevalence of mercenaries made knight team atrophied ,the corruption of Christianity weakened the chivalry and the knight class can't adapt to the need of changes in the military and war.
关键词: 中世纪;骑士精神;基督教;文明;历史;衰落
Key words: Middle Ages;chivalry;Christianity;civilization;history;decadence
中图分类号:G11文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-4311(2010)35-0298-02

0引言
出现在欧洲11-13世纪的骑士制度指以土地分封为基础、以骑兵服役为纽带、以中小封建贵族统治为本质、以基督教思想为指导的骑士阶层所特有的组织、法规、道德及习惯的总称。骑士制度受到欧洲中世纪黑暗、王权以及战争等因素影响下而形成的以谦卑、荣誉、牺牲、英勇、怜悯、精神、诚实,公正八大美德为核心的骑士精神。在骑士精神的产生与发展过程中基督教起到了至关重要的作用。骑士精神显得那么的饱满,正如海涅所说骑士精神是一种“受到基督教灵化的蛮力”。本文将详细讨论在骑士精神,以及骑士制度产生发展到消亡过程中基督教所起到的具体作用。
1骑士制度的起源和发