中国书画的演变 PPT课件.pptx

中国书画演变
The Development of Chinese Painting and Calligraphy
Chinese Calligraphy
Painting
- Development
- Example
- Characteristic
Contents
origin
tie knots 结绳记事
Eight Diagrams 八卦
Picture 图形
carved characters 刻字
Cang Jie creating characters 仓颉造字
Historians in the past once tried to prove whether there was a person named Cang Jie in history, and if he did exist, when he lived, but they failed to draw a conclusion due to lack of irrefutable proof.
Some people guessed that Cang Jie was the historiographer of the Yellow Emperor. Xunzi thought Cang Jie must have been a prehistoric wise man who sorted out and standardized the characters that had already been in use
Evidently the legend of Cang Jie cannot be accepted as the truth, for any script can only be a creation developed by people to meet the needs of social life over a long period of trial and experiment. Chinese characters are a huge plicated system, and they could only e into being after a long period of creation and development.
According to modern researchers, the ancestors of the Chinese people tied knots in rope to record events. Later, they adopted sharp weapons to inscribe signs, and developed the earliest form of Chinese characters. Archeologists have found inscribed signs on Neolithic pottery shards in Banpo Village in Shaanxi Province. These signs, dating back to some 6,000 years ago, were possibly the seeds of later Chinese characters.
甲骨文,又称“契文”、“甲骨卜辞”殷墟文字或“龟甲兽骨文”。甲骨文记录和反映了商朝的政治和经济情况,主要指中国商朝后期(前14~前11世纪)王室用于占卜吉凶记事而在龟甲或兽骨上契刻的文字,内容一般是占卜所问之事或者是所得结果。殷商灭亡周朝兴起之后,甲骨文还使用了一段时期,是研究商周时期社会历史的重要资料。甲骨文其形体结构已有独立体趋向合体,而且出现了大量的形声字。它上承原始刻绘符号,下启青铜铭文,是汉字发展的关键形态,被称为“最早的汉字”。现代汉字即由甲骨文演变而来。在总共10余万片有字甲骨中,含有4千多不同的文字图形,其中已经识别的约有2500多字。
甲骨文,已具有对称、稳定的格局。有人认为,中国的书法是由甲骨文开始,因为甲骨文已备书法的三个要素,即用笔、结字、章法。
绝大部分甲骨文发现于中国安阳市殷墟。但甲骨文并非商代特有,早在商朝之前就已经存在。考古研究发现殷商甲骨文极有可能源自8500年前河南裴李岗文化遗址的贾湖契刻符号,并且有过渡文字——斗门镇花园村甲骨文。
从字体的数量和结构方式来看,甲骨文已经是发展到了有较严密系统的文字了。汉字的“六书”原则,在甲骨文中都有所体现。但是原始图画文字的痕迹还是比较明显。