泗水河道变迁浅析.doc

泗水河道变迁浅析
中文摘要
古泗水河道可以分为三个部分,上游即今天的泗河;济宁至徐州间为中游,
此段河道被南四湖所淹覆;下游则在徐州以下,也就是今天的废黄河。
泗水河道的变迁与黄河有着密切的联系。北宋之前,黄河基本上都是北流
入渤海,偶尔的几次南决入淮泗,由于南决次数少、持续时间短,再加上此时
黄河中游土地利用方式的转变使得黄河水含沙量降低,所以泗水河道所受影响
较小。在此期间,泗水河道一直能够保持畅通而没有变化。南宋建炎二年(公
元 1128年)杜充决河,黄河从此开始了长期夺泗入淮时期。泗水河道所受影响
也更甚于前代。但是从建炎二年一直到元代贾鲁治河,黄河水在淮北平原上的
河道并不固定,有时夺颍、涡直接入淮,有时夺汴入泗入淮。在这个时期内,
泗水河道所受影响还是比较小的。贾鲁治河之后,黄河河道固定在徐州夺泗入
淮,黄河水所含泥沙不是平均分布在淮北平原上,而是全部淤积在泗水河道下
游。随着泗水河道下游河床的抬高,来自泗水中上游的水就很难通过原水道进
入淮水,于是在济宁到徐州间的洼地形成壅水。与此同时,徐州之上的黄河决
溢之水会横冲入泗水中游运道,使得泗水河道渐浅,明朝政府于是寻求更为安
全的运道,放弃了泗水河道中游。济、徐间壅水的日渐积聚,终于在清中期形
成了南四湖,泗水河道中游也沦于湖底。
关键词:泗水\河道变迁\变迁原因4Abstract
The ancient Sishui watercourse is divided into three parts, upper stream is the Si
river of day; the middle stream is between Ji’ning and Xuzhou, this watercourse is
flooded by South Four Lakes; downstream then at Xuzhou the following, is also
today discarded Yellow RiverThe change of Sishui watercourse and Yellow River has the inevitable contactBefore Northern Song Dynasty, the Yellow River was basically and all north flowing
into Bohai Sea, occasionally a few south definitely went into Huai river and Sishui
river, because the times of south flowing was little, the duration was short, so the
influence that Sishui watercourse subjected to was smaller. During this period, the
Sishui watercourse had been keeping unimpeded and had no variety. The second year
of Southern Song Dynasty Janyan 1128 ., Duchong excaved Yellow River, it
started long-term to seize Si River to go into the Huai River period from then on. The
influence that Sishui watercourse was subjected to also more than previous
generation. But from the second year of Janyan until Yuan Dynasty after Jialu
imprved the Yellow River, the watercourse of Yellow River water on Huaibei plain
was not certainly fixed, sometimes seized Ying or Guo to go into Huai directly,
sometimes seized Bian to go into Sishui RiverIn this period, the influence that
Sishui watercourse was subjected to was still