《生态文明建设通论》生态环境-环境管理-中国.pdf

宾语从句
一、宾语从句概说
宾语从句是在复合句中起宾语作用的从句。在谓语动词,介词和某些形容词等后面都可以接宾语从句。
同学们要掌握好宾语从句,主要应该注意以下三个关键:
:根据从句类型而定。
:用陈述句语序。
:根据主句中谓语动词的时态而定。(自然、科学规律及真理可以除外)
二、宾语从句的连接词:
1. that
that引导陈述意义的宾语从句,无实际意思,在从句中也不充当任何成分。在口语和非正式文体中that常被省略。
She said that she missed us very 。
I think she is (that被省略)
2. whether, if:
whether与if引导选择意义的宾语从句,意思为"是否"。
I wonder whether/ if she still lives here after so many years.
这不知道经过这么之年她是否还住在这里。
Have you found out whether/if he is in London?你弄清楚他是否在伦敦了吗?
3. what, who, whom, which
这是一组连接代词,引导疑问意义的宾语从句。
Can you tell me what bread is made from?你能告诉我面包是由什么制造的吗?
I can't remember who e to my 。
Tom asked me whom/who they were talking 。
I want to know which is 。
whom引导宾语从句时一般可由who替换,但如果宾语从句的介词提前,则只能用whom,不能用who。
I wonder with who she is angry.(×)
I wonder with whom she is 。
4. when, where, why, how
这是一组连接副词,引导疑问意义的宾语从句。
I'm not sure when he will be 。
I can't tell you where he 。
We don't know why he broke the 。
Would you please tell me how I can get to the nearest bus stop?
请告诉我如何才能到达最近的公共汽车站好吗?
, sure, glad, happy等后也可以带宾语从句(也有人认为是状语从句)。
I'm afraid (that) we can't get there on 。
He's not sure whether he can find 。
三、宾语从句的时态:
宾语从句的时态原则上应与主句的时态保持一致。
1. 如果主句是现在时态(包括一般现在时,现在进行时和现在完成时),宾语从句可以是实际需要的任何时态。
I am wondering whether he e or 。(现在完成时)
Please tell me when we'll have the 。(一般将来时)
I don't know who they are talking 。(现在进行时)
I have heard the window was broken by 。
2. 如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时),宾语从句必须选用过去的某一时态(即一般过去时,过去将来时,过去进行时或过去完成时等)
He said he would kill 。(过去将来时)
She told us Lucy had returned 。(过去完成时)
Mary was wondering who could answer the question.
玛丽想知道谁能回答这一问题。(一般过去时)
I did