英语翻译概论.docx

翻译概论
Warming-up exercises: Translate the followings
1 You are what you think
2 Your abilities count, but the belief that you can eed affects whether or not you will.
3 It’s a pattern of thinking learned at your mother’s knee.
I翻译的定义
is the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in another language. 即“将一种语言的篇章材料替换为与之对等的另一种语言的篇章材料”。
翻译是运用一种语言把用另一种语言文字所表达的思想内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。它是一门科学,具有描述性;同时它也是一门艺术,因为它具有创造性。
II翻译原则或标准:严复理论
1 信(truthfulness/faithfulness):忠实原文(对原文的思想不歪曲也不要任意增减;对原文的风格不随意改动,即粗糙的不译成高雅,口语体不译成书面体)
2 达(expressiveness):语言通顺畅达(译文应该按照译语的语法和习惯来遣词造句;译文避免生搬硬套,应该通顺流畅)
Eg . John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.
 约翰值得信赖。他忠诚而正直(守规矩)。
3 雅(elegance):文字古雅/ 切(closeness)
总之,做英译汉时,按中国人的说话思维方式,把内容用通俗的汉语顺畅地表达出来;反之亦然。
1. It therefore es more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to have much more detailed information about courses and more advice.
2. People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as everybody else.
1. 因此,如果要使学生充分利用他们(上大学)的机会,就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详细的信息,作更多的指导。这个显得越来越重要了。
2. 尽管警察已接到命令,要作好准备以应付紧急情况,但人们不敢出门,因为警察和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。
III翻译的过程
1理解阶段: 是表达的先决条件
了解语言现象: Peter is now with his parents in Beijing; it has already three years since he was a pop singer.
...不唱流行歌已有三年了
2)理解逻辑关系 You are late for the last .
3)理解原文所涉及的事物 The elevator boys ooze(流出,渗透出) the spit and polish of West Point cadets and in polite English remind you that you must not smoke inside their lift.
开电梯的人像西点军校的学生一样衣着整洁,劲头十足。。。
2表达阶段:把自己对原文的理解用本族语重新表达出来。
充分表达 Reports of new esses keep pouring in. 捷报频传// He sold hard-to -get 。
直译和意译:能直译时不要意译; 需要直译和意译结合时,在直译的基础上意译。
One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy , three boys no
Strike the iron while it is
John was upsetting the other children, so I showed him