环境工程专业英语.ppt

专业英语
The overarching goal for the future of reclamation and re-use of water is to capture water directly from non-traditional sources such as industrial or municipal wastewaters and restore it to potable quality.
Overarching(首要的,支配一切的)
Reclamation(再生,再利用)
municipal wastewaters(城镇污水)
未来对于水的再生和再利用的首要目标是直接从非传统来源取水,如工业或城镇污水,然后将其恢复成饮用水。
Of all the water withdrawn from rivers, lakes and aquifers, the majority is returned to the environment. Agricultural and livestock users return the least at ~30–40%, whereas industrial users return~80–90%, power generation returns considerably more at ~95–98%, and public and municipal users return ~75–85%. The rest is lost to the atmosphere or is consumed in biological or chemical processes.
Aquifers(含水层)
所有从河流、湖泊和蓄水层中排出的水,大部分又回到环境中。农业和畜牧业至少有30-40%(的水回流到环境中的水),而工业有80-90%,电力行业更多,为95-98%,公共和市政为75-85%。其余部分散失到大气中或消耗于生物或化学过程中。
A large part of the cost of water for human use is pumping,transport and storage (particularly in developing countries whose citizens often spend substantial time acquiring water). Thus recovering water at or close to the point of use should be very efficient.
人类利用水(的过程)大部分是水的抽取、运输和储存(特别是发展中国家,人们花大量时间集水),因此,(能够使)再生水源处于或接近用水点应该是非常有效的。
However, unlike the decontamination of pounds just discussed,wastewater contains a wide variety of contaminants and pathogens, and has a very high loading anic matter, all of which must be removed or transformed to pounds.
Decontamination(净化)
Pathogens(病原体,致病菌)
然而,与刚刚讨论的去除痕量污染物不同,废水中含有各种污染物和病原体,并且具有非常高的有机负荷,所有这些都必须除去或转化为无害的化合物。
Municipal wastewaters monly treated by activated sludge systems that use suspended microbes to anics and nutrients,and large sedimentation tanks to separate the solid and liquid fractions. This level of treatment produces wastewater effluent suitable for discharge to surface waters or for restricted irrigation and some industrial applications.
Microbes(微生物)
sedimentation tanks(沉淀池)
城镇污水通常由活性污泥系统,利用悬浮微生物来去除有机物和营养物,然后利用沉淀池分离固体和液体。这种处理水平的污水,可以排放到地表水中,或用于灌溉和某些工业用水。