Baroque巴洛克建筑.ppt

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Baroque Architecture
Guillermo Garma Montiel,
Updated by Dr. Ana Souto
February 2013
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The Baroque
The Baroque refers not to an essence but rather to an operative function, to a trait. It endlessly produces folds… there are all kinds of ing from the East, Greek, Roman, Romanesque, Gothic, Classical folds. Yet the Baroque trait twists and turns its folds, pushing them to infinity, fold over fold, one upon the other...
(Deluze, Gilles: 1991, 227)
p-online/images/vault/
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Context: religion and politics
Cracks in the faith of Europe:
lavish way of living
abuse of the Church’s treasure
Protestant Reformation- Martin Luther, 1517, 95 Theses; Church of Wittenberg
Catholic Counter Reformation- Council of Trent [1544–1563]
Corrective measures
Same doctrine (sacraments, no marriage for priests, works + faith; relics + indulgences)
Severe and puritan: St. Theresa of Avila
Absolutism
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Context: religious reformation
Indulgences: immediate release from purgatory. Money for St Peter’s in Rome
95 Theses: faith, no work; academic debate on church practice
Press: munion in 1521
Lutheranism: Peace of Augsburg 1555
Switzerland: Zwingli, Anabaptists, Calvino (morality)
England: No doctrine change with Henry VIII
Edward VI: Calvinism (destruction of churches)
Mary I: Catholic. Bloody Mary
Elisabeth: reconciliation. Anglican
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El Greco, Christ Cleans the Temple.
‘… decreed art as an essential tool for spreading the prestige and teaching of the Church’
Moffett abd Fazio, 2003,
The Baroque: a religious tool
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Political philosophers of the time tried two different political systems:
The “Natural Law”
The “Divine Right of Kings”
The best form of government is an autocracy… absolutism
Political Thinking
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Natural law yielded absolutism in the work of Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)
The Leviathan (1651); two main impulses driving humans: