介词和介词短语市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖PPT课件.pptx

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介词和介词短语
Ⅰ.介词短语结构
Ⅱ.介词短语功效
Ⅲ.介词、连接词和副词
Ⅳ.简单介词和复杂介词
Ⅴ.介词含义（重点）
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Ⅰ.介词短语结构：
（前置修饰语+）介词+介词补足语
on the table
from what he said
by signing a peace treaty
in terms of money
He worked deep into the night last night.
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Ⅱ.介词短语功效

The people on the bus were singing.

The people were singing on the bus.
In the afternoon, we went to Boston.
From a personal point of view, I find this a good solution to the problem.
In all fairness, she did try to phone the police.
On the other hand, he made no attempt to help her.
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We were looking at his awful paintings.
I’m sorry for his parents.
说明：
①介词短语有时候能够做主语
A: When are we going to have the next meeting?
B: On Tuesday will be fine.
In March suits me.
During the vacation is what we decided
Between 6 and 7 may be convenient.
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(The proposal that we meet) on Tuesday…
(To meet) in March…
(Meeting) during the vacation…
② 作补语（表语）用准形容词功效
This machine is (very) out of date.
This dress seems out of fashion.
所以能够与形容词短语并列或同位
They are happy and in good health.
an old and out of date telephone
作其它连系动词补语
They seem in good health.
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③在特殊情形中（主要在固定短语中），副词或形容词能够发挥介词补足语功效。
at last, at least, at once, at worst, before long, by far, in brief, in there, since when, until now….
④介词短语本身能够作介词补足语，所以两个介词能够连续出现
He picked up the gun from under the table.
We didn’t meet until after the show.
The weather has been fine except in the north.
Food has been scarce since before the war.
⑤介词作动词和形容词补足语时，它和前面词（如look, sorry）关系比它和后面补足语关系更亲密，介词选择是由它前面词决定。
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Ⅲ.介词、隶属连词和副词
1. 介词和连词都具相关联或连接功效，比较：
the day when she arrived
of her arrival
注：①区分两种词类一个标准是：介词引导是名词
性或名词化补足语，而与之相正确隶属连词引导
一个隶属分句（从句）。
②在一些情况下，同一词项既能够作介词又能够
作连词，如after, as, before, since, until.
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③假如是非谓语动词，情况就比较复杂，因为在英语
中-ing分句能够用在介词后面。
On arriving she took a taxi.
④思索以下三个词是什么词性：when, after, by?

She looked up the hill. (1)
She walked across the street. (2)
She looked up the word. (3)
She walked across. (4)
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①在以下句子中，介词和副词区分并不显著：
He is near to being mad.
This seems next to impossible.
Close to 200 people came.
She is far from being weak.
②简单介词near和复杂介词near to和close to：
near to和close to与形容词有同源关系，他们是仅有
现有比较级又可加强调成份介词：
She sat very near to
quite close to
much nearer to me.
much closer to
next to
closest to
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