动词不定式高考总复习用市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖PPT课件.pptx

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动词不定式
第1页
一、不定式结构作主语
To see one time is better than to hear a hundred times.
To persevere means victory!
注①：在很多情况下，尤其是在口语中，常采取先行it代替主语，而把不定式后置：
It’s a great pleasure to be here.
It is not an easy thing to master a language.
注②：这种后置不定式结构也适合用于一些谓语动词不是系动词句子，如：
It took us five hours to get there.
It made us very angry to hear him talk like that.
第2页
注③：不定式结构逻辑主语通常可在特定上下文或情景中看出，也能够由“ for + 名词词组” 来表示，如：
It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.
It was difficult for me to do the work.
注④：一些形容词在上述结构中作表语时，常在不定式之前加上 “of + 名词词组” 来说明不定式所指是谁情况，如：
It’s kind of you to think so much of us.
It’s very nice of you to be so considerate.
It’s unwise of them to turn down the proposal.
It was careless of her to make such a mistake.
第3页
二、不定式结构作表语
1．主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：
To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.
2．主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistake, plan, proposal, job, suggestion 等为中心词名词词组，或以 what 引导名词性从句表示，后面不定式说明其内容，如：
My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.
Your mistake was not to write that letter.
My suggestion is to start work at once.
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
注：在一些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词do 时，作表语不定式能够省略符号 “to”，如：
All we have to do is push the button.
The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.
All I could do was send him a telegram.
第4页
三、不定式结构作动词宾语
1．“动词 + 带 to 不定式结构”。这类动词常见有：afford, agree, arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, desire, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, continue, try, start, forget, mean, intend, begin, 等，比如：
I’ve arranged to meet him at ten o’clock.
I didn’t expect to find you here.
2．“动词 + 疑问词 + 带 to 不定式结构”。（这种不定式结构靠近一个名词从句）。这类动词常见有：tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, forget, inquire, know, explain, remember, see, understand, wonder 等。
疑问词（也称连接代/副词）有：what, where, who(m), when, how, whether, which（why 除外），如：
I don’t know what to do / where to go / who(m) to ask / when to stop / how to get there.
I haven’t decided whether to sell it or not.
We must find out what to do next / where to put it.
第5页
注① ：假如作宾语不定式结构有自己补语，则应使用先行 it，把不定式后置，比如：
I find it difficult to understand him.
We thought it wrong not to help her.
They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.
注② ：不定式结构普通不可作介词宾语, 只有在个别场所, 即在含有否定意义带有介词 except 或 but (=except) 结构中才能这么用，比如：
He seldom comes except to look at my pictures.
The child did nothing except weep.
She can do anything but sing.
He will do anything for you except lend you money.
They could do nothing but wait for the doctors to arrive.
注意不定式符号省略问题！
第6页
四、不定式结构作定语
1．不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰名词之后，如：
It’s time to go to bed.
He is not a man to bow before difficulties.
Have you anything to declare?
She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evening.
I want to get something to read during the vocation.
2．能带不定式结构作宾语动词，转化成名词时往往也能带不定式结构作定语，如：
I don’t wish to quarrel with you.
→I have no wish to quarrel with you.
They will attempt to cross the river tonight.
→ They will make another attempt to cross the river tonight.
She promised not to do that again.
→ She made a promise not to do that again.
第7页
3．一些能带不定式结构作状语形容词，转化成名词时，也能带不定式结构作定语，如：
He was obviously anxious to go.
→ His anxiety to go was obvious.
4．不定式结构与所修饰名词，有时意义上有着主谓关系或动宾关系，如：
He has a large family to support (= that he must support).
注：处于动宾关系情况下，假如不定式是不及物动词，它后面应加上必要介词，如：
She has a lot of things to attend to.
The nurse has five children to look after.
Let’s first find a room to put the things in.
5．有时为了明确不定式结构逻辑关系，能够在不定式之前加上for + 名词词组，如：
Here’s a book for you to read.
He gave orders for the visitors to be shown in.
第8页
五、不定式结构作状语
不定式结构能够作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目标、原因、结果、条件等。
1．表示目标：
They ran over to welcome the delegates.
He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly.
He went home to see his mother.
注①：不定式结构表示目标时，通常句子主语就是它逻辑主语(参见以上三句)，但也有例外情况，比如：
I stopped for him to speak to me.
He opened the door for the children to come in.
He brought a porter to carry the boxes / bags.
They sent a man to mend the window.
He stood up to be seen better.
第9页
注②：为了强调表示目标不定式结构，尤其是在不定式结构前有否定词 not 时，通常能够在不定式符号 to 之前加上 in order 或 so as，如：
He came here in order to see Charlie.
He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.
He went early in order not to miss the train.
I turned the radio down so as not to disturb him.
注③：表示目标不定式能够置于句首，这也是区分于其它功效标志之一。不过，置于句首表示目标不定式之前能够加上in order，但却不能够加上so as ，如：
To draw maps properly, you need a special pen.
(In order to draw maps properly, you need a special pen.)
To get the best results, use clean water.
第10页