大学英语语法6——连接词省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获奖PPT课件.pptx

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By Zhu Xiangjun
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Unit 6
Modifiers：Conjunctions 
Grammar: Conjunctions
Writing:
Correcting: Antecedent Problems
Rewriting: How to combine into compound sentences
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Conjunctions
Conjunctions are words that join single words or groups of words. They can be subdivided into coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions and subordinating conjunctions.
1. Coordinating conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions join words or groups of words that have equal grammatical importance in a sentence. Basically, there are only seven coordinating conjunctions: and, but, or, so, nor, for and yet.
Newspapers provide their readers with a lot of important facts.
Newspapers provide their readers with a lot of important statistics.
 Newspapers provide their readers with a lot of important facts and statistics.
He sent the journalist two more faxes.
He received no reply.
 He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no reply.
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Be careful of the words then and now; neither is a coordinating conjunction, so don’t use them to join two clauses or sentences.
 He sat down next to me, then said slowly, “Kid, are you OK?”
He sat down next to me and then said slowly, “Kid, are you OK?”
 I waited for your permission patiently, now it finally comes.
I waited for your permission patiently and now it finally comes.
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In addition, as coordinating conjunctions join two groups of words, they are essentially placed in the middle of a sentence, rarely as openers.
 For it is rainy, he is carrying an umbrella.
He is carrying an umbrella, for it is rainy.
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2. Correlative conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions always work in pairs to join balanced words, phrases and clauses.
both … and either … or neither … nor
not only … but (also) whether … or if … then
no sooner … than hardly … when scarcely … when
would rather … than so … as
The directors wanted to win recognition for their work.
The directors wanted to receive recognition for their work.
 The directors wanted both to win and to receive recognition for their work.
Heavy rain would wash away the soil.
Heavy rain would cause serious floods as well.
 Heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but also cause serious floods as well.
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3. Subordinating conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions join two clauses, or thoughts, in such a way as to make one grammatically dependent on the other. The two parts are of different importance. The more important one is always a main clause. The other is a subordinate clause. 
Below is a list of the most familiar subordinate conjunctions:
after although as as if as long as as though
because before if once since than though
that in order that provided that so (that) till until
who when where while whether how
whatever whenever whoever
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Mr. Thompson is going to sell the house.
The house is haunted.
 Mr. Thompson is going to sell the house because it is haunted.
He managed to climb into the mouth of the volcano.
He could take photographs.
He could measure temperatures
 He managed to climb into the mouth of the volcano so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures.
A painter had been working on the tower.
He hung a pot of paint on one of the hands.
He slowed the clock down.
 A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed the clock down.
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4. Conjunctive adverbs
Conjunctive adverbs are used to clarify the relationship between clauses of equal grammatical importance in a sentence. Unlike standard adverbs that modify only a single word or phrase, conjunctive adverbs modify the entire clause and join main clauses together.
The possible meanings of conjunctive adverbs number six.
Time: afterwards, then, finally, eventually, later
Addition: also, furthermore, moreover, besides, in addition
Cause: as a result, accordingly, consequently, hence, therefore, thus
Manner: in short, likewise, equally, similarly
Contrast: however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, on the contrary, on the other hand, instead
Example: for instance, for example, namely, that is
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After breakfast, I sent the children to school.
Then I went to the shops.
 After breakfast, I sent the children to school; then, I went to the shops.
People sent a great many goods to the exhibition.
They came from various parts of the world.
In addition, there was a great deal of machinery.
They are on display.
 A great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world; in addition, there was a great deal of machinery on display.
Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire.
As a result, it would be almost impossible to prove his guilty.
 Most of the evidence was destroyed in the fire; as a result, it would be almost impossible to prove his guilty.
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