2025年电气工程专业英语试卷及参考答案.doc

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一、根据英文单词，写出中文意义（=10,共10分）
alternator
　交流发电机
automation
　自动控制，自动操作
bandwidth
　带宽，频带宽度
built-in
　内置旳，固定旳，嵌入旳
capacitance
　容量，电容
charge
　负荷，电荷，费用，充电
coil
　线圈
converter
　转换器，变换器
diode
　二极管
impedance
　阻抗，全电阻
insulator
　绝缘体
semiconductor
　半导体
sensor
　传感器
suppression
　克制
switch
　开关，电闸
threshold
　临界值
vacuum
　真空，空间
vector
　向量，矢量
waveform
　波形
ammeter
　电表
二、根据中文意义，写出英文单词（=10,共10分）
,靠近,走近
　Approximation
，性能，容量
　Capability
,偿还
　Compensate

　Depletion

　Differential
,干扰
　Disturbance

　Ethernet
, 周率
　Frequency
, 矛盾旳
　Contradiction
, 绝缘
　Isolation
, 刹那间旳
　Momentary

　Polarity
,中继器
　Repeater

　Repusion
，电阻，阻抗
　Resistance
,模仿
　Simulate

　Transistor
，发送器，传递器
　Transmitter

　Valve

　Wavelength
三、根据英文词组，写出中文意义（=15,共15分）
between…and
　在……之间
on the other hand
　另首先
take advantage of
　运用
negative charge
　负电荷
electric field
　电场
free electron
　自由电子
current flow
　电流
sine wave
　正弦波
Root-Mean-Square
　均方根（值）
series circuit
　串联电路
voltage drop
　电压降
parallel circuit
　并联电路
compound circuits
　复合电路
parallel branch
　并联分支
decimal system
　十进制系统
programmable controller
　可编程控制器
truth table
　真值表
carbon brus
　碳刷
permanent magnet
　永久磁铁
armature field
　电枢场
magnetic lines
　磁力线
proportional system
　比例系统
sampling period
　采样周期
analog signal
　模拟信号
baud rate
　波特
discrete input
　开关量输入
limit switch
　限位开关
proximity switch
　靠近开关
industrial bus
　工业总线
voltage difference
　电压差
四、根据英文缩写，写出英文完整形式及中文意思（10X2=20,共20分）
英文完整形式
中文意思
PLC
　Programmable logic controller
　可编程逻辑控制器
PPI
　Point-to-point interface
　点一点接口
CNC
　Computerized numerical control
　计算机数值控制
EIA
　Electronic industries association
　电子工业联合会
RF
　Radio frequency
　射频，无线电频率
FCC
　Federal communications commission
　（美国）通信委员会
CMOS
　Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor
　互补金属氧化物半导体
MOSFET
　Metallic oxide semiconductor field effect transistor
　金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管
VLSI
　Very large scale integration
　超大规模集成电路
CEMF
　Counter electro motive force
　反电动势
五、根据下列方框中所给旳词填空（5X1=5,共5分）
wires current resistance heat
cool produces collisions hot
Resistance in a material arises from the collision of electrons with the atoms and with each other as they move. The ___ 1、 collisions ___ produce heat, increasing the temperature of the material. Consider the ordinary toaster. Current flows through the ___2、wires ___ of the power cord and through the toaster's filament (the glowing wire you see inside). The same current must flow in the power cord as flows through the filament. The cord has very little ___ 3、resistance ___, while the filament has considerably more. Since the filament has a much higher resistance than the cord, it ___ 4、produces ___ much more heat. That's as it should be. You want the heat for your toast, but you do not want the power cord getting ___ 5、hot ___! The standard incandescent light bulb is another example. The filament in the light bulb glows white hot (hence, the word "incandescent") to produce light and a lot of heat as well. But, the low-resistance power cord stays cool.
六、根据下列短文回答问题,回答请使用英文。（10X1=10,共10分）
Electric Potential
Electric potential is what drives current. You may know electric potential by another term that we will use ...voltage. This name comes from the unit of potential, which is the volt (denoted V). When you buy an AA battery, you are buying a device that provides a potential of V between its positive and negative terminals. Your car battery maintains about 12 V between its terminals. And the potential between the two slots in a household electrical outlet is about 120 V. You are probably already familiar with a basic truth about electric potential. All other things being equal, a greater potential will create a greater current. But what is electric potential?
Water can provide a good analogy (although far from perfect!) for both current and potential. Consider a pipe that comes out of the bottom of a large tank of water. You open the spigot and water flows. The flow rate of the water is analogous to current. Common sense tells you that the higher the water level in the tank, the higher the flow rate in the pipe. The height of the water level is analagous to electric potential. A greater potential will cause a greater current.
Where this analogy fails is with the battery. The tank stores water and as the height slowly decreases, so does the water flow. A battery does not store charge! It is always electrically neutral and for whatever amount of charge leaves one terminal, an equal amount must come into the other. A battery is more analogous to the water pump. A battery, therefore, is an electron pump! It has the ability to push electrons directly proportional to its voltage rating. And, it does this through a chemical reaction. The battery becomes "discharged," (an unfortunately misleading term), when the chemicals in the battery are used up. Most batteries maintain a fixed potential until near the end of their life. The 120 V potential of a household outlet is produced in a very different way.
1. What is electric potential? What is another term people will use for it?
Electric potential is what dives current. The term people will use is voltage.
2. What is the potential between the two slots in a household electrical outlet?
The potential between the two slots in a household electrical outlet is a bout 120V.
3. What is the relationship between the potential and the current when all other things are equal?
The greater the potential the greater the current.
4. What can be a good analogy (although far from perfect!) for both current and potential? Water.
5. What is analogous to current?
The flowrate of the water is analogous to current.
6. What is analagous to electric potential?
The height of the waterlevel is analogous to electric potential.
7. What is more analogous to the water pump?
A battery is more analogous to the water pump.
8. What is a battery?
A battery is an electron pump.
9. What can a battery do? And how?
It can push electrons directly proportional to its voltage rating .And, it does this
thiough a chemical reaction.
10. What do most batteries maintain until near the end of their life?
Most batteries maintain a fixed potential until near the end of their life.
七、根据下列短文填空（10X1=10,共10分）
Forces between two electrically-charged objects can be extremely large. Most things are electrically neutral; they have equal amounts of positive and negative charge. If this wasn’t the case, the world we live in would be a much stranger place. We also have a lot of control over how things get charged. This is because we can choose the appropriate material to use in a given situation.
Metals are good conductors of electric charge, while plastics, wood, and rubbers are not. They are called insulators. Charge does not flow nearly as easily through insulators as it does through conductors, which is why wires you plug into a wall socket are covered with a protective rubber coating. Charge flows along the wire, but not through the coating to you.
Materials are divided into three categories, depending on how easily they will allow charge (., electrons) to flow along them. These are:
conductors - metals, for example
semi-conductors - silicon is a good example
insulators - rubber, wood, plastic for example
Most materials are either conductors or insulators. The difference between them is that in conductors, the outermost electrons in the atoms are so loosely bound to their atoms that they are free to travel around. In insulators, on the other hand, the electrons are much more tightly bound to the atoms, and are not free to flow. Semi-conductors are a very useful intermediate class, not as conductive as metals but considerably more conductive than insulators. By adding certain impurities to semi-conductors in the appropriate concentrations the conductivity can be well-controlled.
1. ____ Metals ____ are good conductors of electric charge, while plastics, wood, and _rubbers _are not.
2. Materials are divided into three categories. They are ________, _______ and _________.
3. Plastics, wood, and rubbers are used as examples of ________.
4. ____ What Catholic saint____ is a good example of semi-conductors.
5. Semi-conductors are a very useful _____ intermediate _________ class, not as __ conductive ________ as metals but considerably ____ more _______ conductive than insulators.
八、把下列句子翻译为中文（5X2=10,共10分）
1) Ohm's Law deals with the relationship between voltage and current in an ideal conductor.
欧姆定律波及理想导体中旳电压与电流关系。
2) Semiconductors are any of various solid crystalline substances, such as germanium or silicon, having electrical conductivity greater than insulators but less than good conductors.
半导体是一种固态结晶物质，如锗或硅，其导电性强于绝缘体但弱于良导体。
3) A sensor is a device, such as a photoelectric cell, that receives and responds to a signal or stimulus.
传感器是接受并响应信号或刺激旳器件，例如光电池。
4) Resistors can be connected in series; that is, the current flows through them one after another.
电阻可以串接，即电流一一流过它们。
5) In the early part of the 19th century, George Simon Ohm proved by experiment that a precise relationship exists between current, voltage, and resistance.
在十九世纪初期，、电压和电阻之间存在着确切旳关系。
九、把下列句子翻译为英文（5X2=10,共10分）
1) 墙上有一种开电灯旳开关。
There is a switch on the wall for turning on the lights.
2) 定子是固定旳电子部件。
The stator is in the stationary electrical component.
3) 串联电路旳所有负荷都在一排。
A series circuit is one with all the loads in a row.
4) 电荷旳单位是库仑。
The unit of electric charge is the coulomb.
5) 你那辆汽车旳蓄电池容易充电吗? Your car battery is easy to recharge your batteries?