跨国公司r.docx

摘要
摘要
产业集群这~现象自古有之,发展到现代,在全球化和知识经济的背景下, 快速发展的区域又出现了新的产业集群的特征,引起了经济学、地理学、社会学、管理学等众多领域学者的广泛关注。
从马歇尔到当代经济学家,在产业集群的形成机制、集群特征、集群与创新、产业集群与区域经济发展模式等方面进行了深入的研究,集群内大量中小企业之间的互动关系和行为特征是研究的一个重点。但在经济全球化的背景下,我们看到,集群日益成为一个开放和动态的系统,跨国公司参与集群的现象更加普遍, 作为连接全球经济与集群区域的纽带,跨国公司发挥了重要作用。
本文采用新产业区理论对产业集群的分析和分类方法,指出东莞PC制造业集群具有卫星平台式产业区的基本特点,存在着外资企业根植性弱、本地化网络不健全、容易陷入低成本锁定三方面的问题。特别是从2000年开始,珠三角地区爆发的“民工荒”问题,使东莞地区长期依赖的低成本劳动力的竞争优势难以为继。与此同时,跨国公司R&D中心开始大规模对华转移,为以低成本为基础的此类集群升级提供了契机。本文以东莞PC制造业集群为例,分析指出此类集群实现升级的根本出路在于打破本地化创新网络的思维局限,利用外部力量,通过政府规划创建多渠道多层次的跨区域合作研发网络。
关键词:
产业集群卫星平台式产业区创新网络合作研发网络
Abstract
Abstract
The phenomenon of industrial clusters maintained for a long now,new traits which attract scholars。attentions from various fields such as economics,geography, sociology,management, in the region developing fast under the background of globalization and knowledge economy.
From Marshall tO modem were made on industrial clusters。
formmion mechanism,industrial clusters’features,clusters and innovation,the impact of industrial clusters on the evolution pattern of regional economy,..And the interactive relation between those small and middle business(SMBs)and their behavior characters got ,under the background of globalization, we find that multinational corporations are involved into clusters which are ing kind ofopen and dynamic systems,and playing a significant role.
This paper uses the analysis and classified method of the theory of new industrial districts on industry clusters,pointing out the PC manufacturing industry clusters in Dongguan possess the basic traits of Satellite platform district which is marked for its weak embeddedness of foreign enterprise,distemperedness of work and the tendency of lock— since 2000,the rural labor shortage having broken
out in the Pearl River Delta makes its traditional advantage of cheap workforee no
longer ,the R&D centers ofMNC have been transferring to China o