罗森第九版英文《财政学》chap005PPT课件.ppt

CHAPTER 5
Externalities
Copyright © 2010 by the McGraw-panies, Inc. All rights reserved.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Externalities
Externality – An activity on one entity that affects the welfare of another entity in a way that is outside the market mechanism
Not an Externality – suburban-urban migration example
The Nature of Externalities
Privately-owned monly-owned resources
Externalities can be produced by consumers as well as firms
Externalities are reciprocal in nature
Externalities can be positive
Public goods can be viewed as a special kind of externality
The Nature of Externalities-Graphical Analysis
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Socially efficient output
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What Pollutants Do Harm?
Empirical Evidence: What is the Effect of Pollution on Health?
What Activities Produce Pollutants?
What is the Value of the Damage Done?
Empirical Evidence: The Effect of Air Pollution on Housing Values
Bargaining and the Coase Theorem
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Public Responses to Externalities - Taxes
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Pigouviantax revenues
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Public Responses to Externalities - Subsidies
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Pigouviansubsidy