罗森第九版英文《财政学》课件Chap001.ppt

CHAPTER 1 Introduction Copyright ? 2010 by the McGraw-panies, Inc. All rights reserved. McGraw-Hill/Irwin 1-2 Defining the Field of Study ? Public Finance – the field of economics that analyzes government taxation and spending policies ? Public Sector Economics – see definition above ? Public Economics – see definition above ? What is not part of public finance? 1-3 Public Finance and Ideology ? Organic view of government ? Mechanistic view of government 1-4 The Legal Framework ? Federal government – Federal Constitutional provisions ? Article 1, Section 8 ? Article 1, Section 9 ?16 th Amendment ?5 th Amendment 1-5 The Legal Framework ? State governments – Federal constitutional provisions ?10 th amendment – The State constitutions ? Local governments – Derive power to tax and spend from the States – Fiscal independence of local governments 1-6 The Size of Government ? How to measure the size of government – Number of workers – Annual expenditures ? Types of government expenditure – Purchases of goods and services – Transfers of e – Interest payments ? Budget documents – Unified budget – Regulatory budget 1-7 State, Local, and Federal Government Expenditures (selected years) 1234 Total Expenditures (billions) 2008 Dollars (billions) * 2008 Dollars per capita Percent of GDP 1960 123 714 3,950 % 1970 295 1,308 6,379 % 1980 843 1,905 8,367 % 1990 1,873 2,804 11,210 % 2000 2,887 3,527 12,487 % 2008 4,723 4,723 15,488 % * Conversion to 2008 dollars done using the GDP deflator Source: Calculations based on Economic Report of the President, 2009 [pp. 282,286,325,381]. Adjusting for Inflation Adjusting for Population Relative to Economy 1-8 Government Expenditures as a Percentage of GDP (2008) United States Source: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development [2008a]. 1-position of Federal Expenditures (1965 and 2008) Note decline in Defense Note increase in Social Security, Medicare and e Security Source: Econom