.修辞学Irony.ppt

Irony
纪晓玲(1401 07)
李娜(1401 09)
Definition :
It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what it meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense.
使用同本意完全相反的词语来表达本意,明显含有嘲弄或讽刺的意思,从而使本意更加突出,这就是讽刺(或反语)。对这一辞格采用直译能保留原文嘲弄的修辞效果。
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We are lucky. (when something bad happens)
What you said makes me feel really good. (when someone says sth. unpleasant)
This diligent student seldom reads more than an hour per week.
Three types of irony
Verbal irony 言语反语
Situational irony 情景式反语
Dramatic irony 戏剧式反语
Verbal irony (the simplest)
词语反语是指说话人利用词汇、语法手段表示明显的反意。
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Well, of course, I knew that gentleman like you carry only large notes.
(啊,当然,我知道像你这样的先生只带大票子。)名为“gentlemen”实则“beggar”
You are a fine goalkeeper, allowing the other side to score six goals.
(你是一个好的守门员,让对手进了6个球。)
What a noble illustration of the tender laws of his favored country . ——they let the paupers go to sleep.
(以此说明他那行善的国家的仁慈的法律是多么有意义的例证——他们竟然允许穷人睡觉。)
Robbing a window of her savings was certainly a noble act.
(抢劫一位寡妇的储蓄当然是高尚的行为。)
Situational irony
有时,正话反说或反话正说不是靠一两个词所能体现的,而是,要靠语境来体现。所谓“情景式反语”常要有一定的情景,也即是在整个段落或篇章中蕴藏着讽刺,这样的段落或篇章或许有画龙点睛的词语反语,或许根本没有词语反语,但整个段落或篇都是反语,或者准确的说其情景是反语。
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chiralry (骑士作风):going about releasing beautiful maidens from other men’s castle and taking them to your own castle
When the doctors came, they said she had died of heart disease-of joy that kills.
Dramatic irony
戏剧性反语主要用于戏剧小说中,与剧情或戏剧的结构有关。在这种反语中,读者或观众知晓实情,而台上的人却一无所知,说一些与实情相悖的话,造成幽默或悲剧性的效果。戏剧性反语也指作家利用上下文或特定的历史背景暗示某段话所表示的是反义,这种反语较为含蓄。
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In October 1973 war, Israel also suffered an acute understanding of the “conscience of the west ” under oil pressure.
(“西方的良心”为反话。以色列从西方打过在1973年的冲突中的所作所为中发现,他们的一切言行实际上都是从维护自己的利益出发的,因为有种“痛心疾首”之感)