测控技术与仪器专业毕业设计外文翻译.doc

Development of Sensor New Technology
Sensor is one ponent which can transform the physical quantity, chemistry quantity and the biomass into electrical signal. The output signal has the different forms like the voltage, the electric current, the frequency, the pulse and so on, which can satisfy the signal transmission, processing, recording, and demonstration and control demands. So it is the automatic detection system and in the automatic control industry .If automatic Technology is used wider, then sensor is more important.
Several key words of the sensor:
1 Sensor Elements
Although there are exception ,most sensor consist of a sensing element and a conversion or control element. For example, diaphragms,bellows,strain tubes and rings, bourdon tubes, and cantilevers are sensing elements which respond to changes in pressure or force and convert these physical quantities into a displacement. This displacement may then be used to change an electrical parameter such as voltage, resistance, capacitance, or inductance. bination of mechanical and electrical elements form electromechanical transducing devices or sensor. bination can be made for other energy input such as thermal. Photo, ic and chemical,giving thermoelectric, photoelectric,ic, and electrochemical sensor respectively.
2 Sensor Sensitivity
The relationship between the measured and the sensor output signal is usually obtained by calibration tests and is referred to as the sensor sensitivity K1= output-signal increment / measured increment . In practice, the sensor sensitivity is usually known, and, by measuring the output signal, the input quantity is determined from input= output-signal increment / K1.
3 Characteristics of an Ideal Sensor
The high sensor should exhibit the following characteristics.
(a)high fidelity-the sensor output waveform shape be a faithful reproduction of the measured; there should be minimum distortion.
(b)There should be minimum interference with the quantity being measured;