科学管理原理英文版.doc

The Principles of Scientific Management
(1911)
by Frederick Winslow Taylor, ., .
Introduction
Chapter I: Fundamentals of Scientific Management
Chapter II: The Principles of Scientific Management

INTRODUCTION
President Roosevelt, in his address to the Governors at the White House,
prophetically remarked that "The conservation of our national resources is only
preliminary to the larger question of national efficiency."
The whole country at once recognized the importance of conserving our material
resources and a large movement has been started which will be effective in
plishing this object. As yet, however, we have but vaguely appreciated the
importance of "the larger question of increasing our national efficiency."
We can see our forests vanishing, our water-powers going to waste, our soil
being carried by floods into the sea; and the end of our coal and our iron is in
sight. But our larger wastes of human effort, which go on every day through such
of our acts as are blundering, ill-directed, or inefficient, and which Mr
Roosevelt refers to as a lack of "national efficiency," are less visible, less
tangible, and are but vaguely appreciated.
We can see and feel the waste of material things. Awkward, inefficient, or
ill-directed movements of men, however, leave nothing visible or tangible behind
them. Their appreciation calls for an act of memory, an effort of the
imagination. And for this reason, even though our daily loss from this source is
greater than from our waste of material things, the one has stirred us deeply,
while the other has moved us but little.
As yet there has been no public agitation for "greater national efficiency," no
meetings have been called to consider how this is to be brought about. And still
there are signs that the need for greater efficiency is widely felt.
The search for better, for petent men, from the presidents of our great
companies down to our household servants, was ne