英语委婉语语用策略.doc

英语委婉语的语用策略
2009-04-24 14:10 来源: 作者: 网友评论 0 条浏览次数 41
摘要:英语委婉语是一种语言文化现象,人们对它的选择和使用都是为了实现某种目的。本文从语用学的角度出发,通过一些例子,观察并探讨说话人在使用委婉语(主要是语境中的委婉语)时受言语交际中的目的—意图原则驱使而采用的一些语用策略。它们分别是:假信息策略、适当冗余信息策略、模糊策略、迂回(正话反说)策略、求美策略和得体策略。
关键词:目的—意图原则;委婉语;语用策略
[中图分类号]H315
[文献标识码]A
[文章编号]1006-2831(2008)04-0083-5
Abstract: English euphemism is a phenomenon of language and culture. People choose and use it to achieve their goal. From the perspective of pragmatics, this paper attempts to discuss some pragmatic tactics the speaker is spurred by the Goal-Intention Principle. The author discusses: unauthentic information tactic, proper redundancy tactic, vagueness tactic, periphrases tactic, seeking aesthetics tactic and properly worded tactic.
Key words: Goal-Intention Principle, euphemism, pragmatic tactics

1. 引言

《语言和语言学词典》(1981: 83)给“委婉语”下的定义是“Euphemism is generally defined as substituting an inoffensive or pleasant term for a more explicit, offensive one, thereby veneering the truth by using kind words.”(通常,委婉语被认为是用可被接受的或让人感到愉快的措辞,代替更直接、让人不快的说法,以此达到通过说好话来粉饰真相的目的)。
委婉语的最重要的特征在于运用比较抽象的、模棱两可的概念或比喻的、褒义的手法,使谈话的双方能够采取一种比较间接的方式来谈不宜直说的事,而且不必为谈论这些事感到内疚,不会感到窘迫。委婉语通常是通过间接言语行为而达到它的委婉的目的,但它不等同于间接言语行为。间接言语行为就是“In indirect speech acts the municates to the hearer more than he actually says by way of relying on their mutually shared background information, both linguistic and nonlinguistic, t