孙吴武昌军镇的兴衰.pdf

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2015 年第 1 期 Jan 2015
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第 29 卷总第 114 期 NO. 1
·专题论文·
孙吴武昌军镇的兴衰*
宋杰
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首都师范大学历史学院北京 100089
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摘要武昌在三国战争中的地位和影响经历了由盛而衰的过程。孙权、孙皓曾先后建都于此该地还被作
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为江夏郡、荆州及武昌都督的治所。武昌在吴国前期军政地位的迅速上升与当时出现的南北对抗的政治形势密
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切相关。该地位处长江中游的港口孙吴在此设置军镇并屯集重兵可以利用江、沔航运而兼顾荆、扬二州的战
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事。武昌附近山川环绕又有夏口、邾城等要镇拱卫安全系数较高。陆逊死后吴国日益衰弱将才匮乏南北对
峙冲突的焦点和孙吴江防重心向西转移到南郡和西陵峡口; 武昌都督辖区被分为左右二部,驻军减少,孙皓又多
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用文官担任主将致使其防务衰败在西晋平吴之役中不堪一击土崩瓦解。
关键词: 武昌鄂县江夏荆州孙权陆逊孙皓
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中图分类号 K26 E292 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1009 - 3451 2015 01 - 0065 - 25
Rise and Fall of Military Town Wuchang in State of Wu
Song Jie
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College of History Capital Normal University Beijing 100048
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Abstract During the period of the Three Kingdoms the town of Wuchang in the State of Wu witnessed its vicissitudes.
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It was established as the capital city by Sun Quan and Sun Hao. It also served as the seat for the govenors of Jiangxia Jing-
zhou and Wuchang. Its rapid rise in military and political status was related to the confrontation between the North and the
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South at the time. Since it was a port in the middle reaches of the Yangtze river Wu set it up as a heavily defended military
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town which with its convenience of shipping in the two rivers Yangtze and Mianshui enabled Wu to manage the military
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affairs of Jingzhou and Yangzhou. Surrounded by mountains and rivers and protected by strategic towns such as Xiakou and
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Zhucheng Wuchang was a fairly safe town. With the death of Lu Xun Wu was short of capable generals and its military
strength declined. The focus of North - South conflicts and Wu's Yangtze river defense shifted westward to Nanjun County and
Xilingxia. The area governed by Wuchang was divided into two parts and troops stationed there reduced in number. What is
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more civilian officials were appointed by Sun Hao to manage military affairs the town's defence thus greatly weakened re-
sulting in the fall of the town in the battle launched by West Jin aga