安泰经管学院课件.ppt

社会人时代霍桑实验
大纲
时代背景
霍桑实验的主要内容
霍桑实验的管理学意义
对霍桑实验的批评
时代背景
科学管理的时代基础
经济高速增长,大型公司开始出现
个人成就的社会认可
对效率的提倡
对国家生产能力和资源节约的政治关注
Walker & Guest: The Man on the Assembly Line. HBR, 1956.
We in America today are nearer to the financial triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of our land. The poor man is vanishing from us. Under the Republican system, our industrial output has increased as never before, and our wages have grown steadily in buying power. 
“A chicken in every pot and a car in every backyard”.
--- President Hoover, speaking in 1928
时代背景
1929年经济的大崩溃
20年代美国经济的快速发展
黑色星期二,美国股市崩盘
1929年失业人口为150万人,1933年为1283万人。人们普遍感到无力对付经济困境
马克思对资本主义经济危机的解释
In the USA too much wealth had fallen into too few hands, with the result that consumers were unable to buy all the goods produced.   The trouble came to a head mainly because of the easy credit policies of the Federal Reserve Board, which favored the rich.   Its effects were so profound and so prolonged because the government did not fully understand what was happening or what to do about it.
--- John A. Garraty, The American Nation (1979)
This photo sums up the position of Black people in the 1920s - they can SEE the prosperity, but they don't SHARE in it.
Change in economic indicators 1929-32
USA
Britain
France
Germany
Industrial production
-46%
-23
-24
-41
Wholesale prices
-32%
-33
-34
-29
Foreign trade
-70%
-60
-54
-61
Unemployment
607%
129
214
232
Jerome Blum, Rondo Cameron, Thomas G. Barnes, The European world: a history. 1970 .