城市道路拥挤收费定价研究-交通运输规划与管理专业毕业论文.docx

武汉理工大学硕士学位论文
摘 要
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随着经济的快速发展,城市交通需求日益增多,由此也引发了诸如城市道
q 路拥挤、交通能源消耗过度、交通事故频发以及环境污染加剧等问题。单纯地依靠增加交通供给无法从根本上解决城市交通供需不平衡的矛盾,反而会诱发新的交通需求产生。因此,解决拥挤等一系列城市交通问题,还需从需求管理的角度来进行。城市道路拥挤收费作为解决大城市交通拥堵问题的交通需求管理措施之一,已经被众多学者专家所肯定。
城市道路拥挤收费是对特定时段和路段的车辆实行收费,从时间和空间上来疏散交通量,减少繁忙时段和繁忙路段道路上的交通负荷,同时还可以促使交通量向大容量的公交系统转移,抑制私人小汽车交通量的增加,促进小汽车的有效利用,推进多人合乘的实施,实现最有效地使用道路,达到缓解交通拥挤的目的。该措施可以从源头上抑制出行的产生,使得出行者减少出行或者改变出行时间、方式或者出行路径,进而减少拥挤。
在拥挤收费的研究体系中,城市交通拥挤外部成本的定性、定量分析,以及建立准确的拥挤定价模型是拥挤收费这项交通管理政策的基础。因此,论文针对以外部成本为基础的拥挤定价模型展开了研究。
3 并选用合适的评价模型对收费后的交通方式以及道路饱和度变化情况进行了简
≥t 要的预测性评价,评价结果表明,所建立的定价模型在实际应用中,对于缓解
拥挤有着明显的效果。
i J 关键词:交通拥挤、拥挤收费、外部成本、定价模型
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武汉理工大学硕士学位论文
Abstract
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With rapid development of the economy,the traffic demand of the city increases
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白 day by at the same time this also initiates many problems such as the more
crowded urban road,excessive consumption of the energy$OUgC鼯,more and more traffic accident as well as serious environmental pollution and 80 increasing transportation supplies Can’t fundamentally resolve the unbalance between
traffic supply and demand,but induce the new traffic ,how to solve traffic problems such as urban traffic congestion is still need carry on the Traffic
Demand Management(TDM).Congestion charge as a TDM strategy has received
attention from more and more experts and policy-makers.
Congestion pricing is to charge the vehicles for pass the specific road section at special time interval,in order to disperse the traffic volume from time and space, reduces the traffic load at rush hour and thd crowded it will shiR the
traffic volume from private cafs to the public traffic system,restrain the increasing
private traffic,promote the cat used more effectively,advance the implementation of
cal"pool,improve the rate of the mad utilizing,alleviate the traffic congestion
—f0J, measure may suppress the travel demand from the sourCe of traffic
demand,oauses the travelers to reduce their journe