曼昆经济学原理阅读笔记.doc

曼昆经济学原理阅读笔记2006年11月13日星期一 13:21[理论研讨]曼昆经济学原理阅读笔记

作者:厕所总长提交日期:2006-11-10 16:11:00
曼昆经济学原理阅读笔记(一)

曼昆的经济学定义:Economics is the study of how society manages its scarce resources。
曼昆的经济学十原理中第一条:PEOPLE FACE TRADEOFFS。这一原理的的两段经典举例:

When people are grouped into societies, they face different kinds of classic tradeoff is between “guns and butter.” The more we spend on nationaldefense to protect our shores from foreign aggressors (guns), the less we can spendon consumer goods to raise our standard of living at home (butter). Also importantin modern society is the tradeoff between a clean environment and a high level e. Laws that require firms to reduce pollution raise the cost of producinggoods and services. Because of the higher costs, these firms end up earning smallerprofits, paying lower wages, charging higher prices, or bination of thesethree. Thus, while pollution regulations give us the benefit of a cleaner environmentand the improved health es with it, they have the cost of reducingthe es of the firms’ owners, workers, and customers.

Another tradeoff society faces is between efficiency and equity. Efficiencymeans that society is getting the most it can from its scarce resources. Equitymeans that the benefits of those resources are distributed fairly among society’smembers. In other words, efficiency refers to the size of the economic pie, andeq