语言学 性别歧视.ppt

Linguistic Sexism in English
11级英本5班
游晓楠
郭凯丽
Definition
Phenomena
Reasons
Outline
Definition
Linguistic Sexism
Sexism is a phenomenon that takes a male-as-norm attitude, trivializing, insulting or rendering women invisible.
  As a special social phenomenon, sexism is inevitably reflected through language.
Phenomena
generic masculine阳性词泛化
generic pronouns and nouns
(1) He who laughs last laughs best. 
(2) Everyone must do his homework well. 
(3) If anyone calls, tell him I will be back later.  
(4) Everyone should learn to solve problems himself. 
(1) Man is a social animal.
(2) Men remake nature. 
(3) Woman is a social animal. 
(4) Women remake nature.
All men are created equal.----the US Declaration of Independence.
women being attached to men
男性女性
Mr Mrs plus her husband’s surname
Miss
After the feminist movement and language reformation in the early 1970s, es out, whose semantic meaning is the same as Mr .

First lady, Mrs. Curie, Mrs. Thatcher
female as an exception
Common gender        Masculine gender          Feminine gender 
lawyer                  lawyer                  ladylawyer 
hero           hero                        heroine 
pilot                   pilot                         woman pilot
male nurse, male typist, and male secretary.
Chairman, businessman, congressman, newsman, policeman, spokesman.
Adding the bound morpheme such as –ess, -ine
Poet poetess
Prince princess
God godess
Hero heroine
Word Order
husband and wife  father and mother
  boys and girls  his and hers
son and daughter  brother and sister
host and hostess king and queen
 Adam and Eve  Male and female
2. Semantic Derogation of Women语义贬损
Non-parallel semantic developments
Semantic Collocation and Change
Metaphor
Proverb
Non-parallel semantic developments
Such as
Master and Mistress
Wizard and Witch
Sir and Madam