高超声速飞行器轨迹优化分析.doc

南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文
摘要
高超声速飞行器的飞行速度快,飞行空域广,具有全球快速到达且不易被拦截的特点,可
以入轨后再入大气层,可重复使用。高超声速飞行器具有重要的军事和民用价值。但在实际使
用过程中,高超声速飞行器会受到动压、过载、气动热,甚至禁飞区等条件的约束。轨迹优化
技术可以在考虑各种约束条件下,充分发挥高超声速飞行器的使用性能。因此,研究不同优化
方法、不同节点数目对轨迹优化问题的影响,具有重要的现实意义。
本文首先介绍了各国高超声速飞行器的研究进展,系统总结了常见轨迹优化方法的基本原
理及其优缺点。然后基于 PSOPT 软件包,采用 Trapezoid 和 Simpson 配点法、Legendre 和
Chebyshev 伪谱法共 4 种方法分别以燃料消耗最少为目标对 GHAME 高超飞行器爬升段轨迹进
行了优化设计,以下滑距离最远为目标对 GHAME 的下滑段轨迹进行了优化设计,以再入水平
距离最远为目标对 CAV 高超飞行器在无约束和考虑动压、过载、气动热约束情况下的再入轨迹
进行了优化设计,对各种方法的结果进行了分析。以 Chebyshev 伪谱法为例,研究了不同节点
数对 GHAME 高超声速飞行器爬升轨迹优化结果的影响。
结果表明,在 GHAME 爬升过程中,各种优化方法所得目标函数差别不大,但爬升过程各
有差异;在 GHAME 下滑过程中,各种方法的结果差距较大;在 CAV 再入过程中,各种方法
的结果一致性很好,在考虑动压、过载和气动热约束后,再入水平距离较无约束情况有所减小。
节点数目对 GHAME 爬升轨迹优化结果影响规律性不强,很难简单依靠增加节点数目来改善
GHAME 的轨迹优化结果。
关键词:高超声速飞行器;轨迹优化;配点法;伪谱法;路径约束
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万方数据
高超声速飞行器轨迹优化研究
ABSTRACT
Hypersonic vehicles can fly at a high speed and a board airspace , which can rapidly reach any
where in the world and be not easy to be blocked and be reusable. There is important value in military
and civil within hypersonic vehicle In reality, hypersonic vehicles will be limited by the flight
dynamic pressure, the max load factor, aerodynamic heating, and even no-fly zones. Trajectory
optimization can make sure the performance of hypersonic vehicles in use, considering various of
constraint conditions. So, it has an important practical significance to study the effects on trajectory
optimization by different methods and different nodes.
The research progress in hypersonic vehicle on the world is introduced in this paper, and the
basic principle and the corresponding advantages and disadvantages mon trajectory
optimization methods are summarized systematically. Four kinds of methods in the PSOPT software
package, that is trapezoid collocation method, Simpson collocation method, Legendre pseudo method
and the Chebyshev pseudo method, are used to optimize the GHAME hypersonic climbing trajectory
for the goal of minimum fuel consumption , the GHAME hypersonic de