邻近原则.doc

邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity),即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。.: :"therebe+句型;or;either…or;nor;neither…nor;whether…or;not…but;notonly…butalso"等。:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。: 有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。就远原则谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇:aswellas;(together/along)with;ratherthan;except;besides;but;including;inadditionto;:HeratherthanIisright.(d)ge等结尾的词  ___________________________________________________ 情况构成方法读音例词__________________________________________________一般情况加-s /; map-maps bag-bags 读/z/; car-cars___________________________________________________ 以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-es 读/iz/ bus-buses watch-watches___________________________________________________以ce,se,ze 加-s 读/iz/ license-licenses___________________________________________________以辅音字母+y 变y为i结尾的词再加es 读/z/ baby---  1)以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数: 如: twoMarys theHenrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays 比较:层楼:storey---storeys story---stories2)以o结尾的名词,变复数时: ,如:photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos; ,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes ,如:zero---zeros/zeroes 3)以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时: ,如:belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs; ,fe加ves,如:half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves; ,如: handkerchief: handkerchiefs/handkerchieves  1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意:与man和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men和-women。如:anEnglishman,,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是theBowmans。2)单复同形如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese li,jin,yuan,twoli,threemu,fourjin,但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如:people police cattle等本身就是复数,不能说apeople,apolice,acattle,但可以说aperson,apoliceman,aheadofcattle,theEnglish,theBritish,theFrench,theChinese,theJapanese,theSwiss等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。4)以