which用法.doc

:..which的用法1、在后置的非限制性定语从句中代替上文出现的事物或情况(单数或复数)。2、在问句中作为疑问代词,在名词从句中作为连接代词用,其含义为“哪个、哪些”。3、如果非限制性定语从句的先行词不是指主句内容,而是指具体的人、时间、地点,则不用which。[解题过程]这里主要讲解一下在定语从句中的用法:一、关系代词that和which在定语从句中作主语和宾语,放在先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用。指物时,一般情况下可互换。如: Hereisthepenthat/whichyoulostyesterday.(that/which指物作宾语) hat/whichcanfly.(that/which指物,作主语) HeisthemostcarefulboythatIknow.(that指人,作宾语) Themanthatworksinthisroomisachemist.(that指人,作主语)二、that,which在从句中作主语时,不能省略。作宾语时在口语中和非正式问题中经常省略。如上例1和中的that,which都可省略。三、关系代词在主语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。Wheatisaplantthat/、在定语从句中,关系代词that和which指物时,一般没有区别,但下列几种情况中不能互换:1只能用that的情况:a)先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,little等不定代词时(something后也可用which):Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyouintown?That’sall(that))先行词被序数词所修饰时:Thefirstthing(that))先行词被形容词最高级所修饰时:Thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames(that)(that))先行词被only,very,no,any,same,little,oneof等词所修饰时:Thisistheonlything(that)(that)?Thisistheverybook(that))当先行词中既有人又有物时:Themanandthecar(that)。f)that可指人,which则不能:Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?g)在“thetimewhen”等结构和某些时间状语中,when常被that代替,而且that往往省略:)way后面可根由that引导的定语从句,但that一般都省略:,只能用which:a) 放在介词后面做介词宾语时:Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’,如把介词放在从句的后部,这时which就可换为that并常省略。如上例可改为:Thisisthequestion(that)we’)在非限制性定语从句,无论指物指人,都不能用that。指物时,只能用which和其他关系代词。如:Allthebooksthere,whichhavebeautifulpicturesinthem,.(对划线intodays提问)How______________theworkgoingtobefinished?.(改为被动语态)