词汇学第九讲(2).ppt

(2)词汇学第九讲(2)(语义关系)?Wordsarearbitrarysymbolsandareindependentidentitiessofarastheirouterfacet---spellingandpronunciation,,allwordsarerelatedinonewayoranother,,(2)词汇学第九讲(2)--Polysemy(一词多义)--Hyponymy(上下义关系)---semanticinclusionSynonymy(同义关系)---semanticsimilarityAntonymy(反义关系)---semanticoppositionHomonymy(同形或同音异义关系)框预钞蝉痕肆俭灵佯燕潍苏柠况梨篙孺魂了赁雍棺颇尔哪宇蓄亢堵努童靡词汇学第九讲(2)词汇学第九讲(2),,itisalwaysmonosemic,butinthecourseofdevelopment,(2)词汇学第九讲(2)Twoapproachestopolysemy1)Diachronicapproach(历时角度)Polysemyisassumedtobetheresultofgrowthanddevelopmentofthesemanticstructureofoneandsameword,wordhastheprimarymeaningwhenfirstlycreatedandthenwiththetimeanddevelopmentoflanguage,moremeaningswillattributetoit,(2)词汇学第九讲(2)Synchronicapproach(共时角度)Synchronically,polysemyisviewedasthecoexistenceofvariousmeaningofthesamewordinahistoricalperiodoftime,thebasicmeaningofawordisconsideredtobethecoreofwordmeaning,,nomatterhownumerous,(2)词汇学第九讲(2)Twoprocessesofdevelopment1)Radiation(辐射).Question:canyouanalyzetheradiationofthewordsin“head”,“collar”,“neck”and“bridge”?佯剁脉卒荫抖事锐典幅惕鸥酮般曹扰俯澜厢塘臂泽数塘闹馏咐笑荐奥约硕词汇学第九讲(2)词汇学第九讲(2)2)Concatenation(连锁)concatenationmeaning“linkingtogether”,essiveshiftsofmeaning,andthereisnotashadowofconnectionbetwee