英语词汇学.ppt

英语词汇学49284Chapter1IntroductionofWordsSomeInterestingFactsThereisnoeggineggplant,norhaminhamburger,,youcanbeprettysureitisn‘tcanine(犬类).Englishmuffins(=hotmuffns热松饼,美式早餐/英式午茶糕点)werenotinventedinEngland,NorFrench-friesinFrance,(炸薯条);再如:Frenchwindow落地窗,takeFrenchleave不辞而别,Frenchgrey浅灰色Sweetmeats(糖果);sweetbreads(甜面包)?InEnglishwefindthatquicksandcanworkslowly,Boxingrings(拳击赛台),butfingersdon'tfing,grocersdon'tgroce,andhammersdon'tham?Ifthepluraloftoothisteeth,whyisn‘tthepluralofbooth,beeth?Onegoose,twogeese,So,onemoose(驼鹿),twomeese?(复数形式仍然是moose);Onemouse,twomice;Onelouse(虱子),twolice;Onehouse?twohice?Ifteacherstaught,whydidn'tpreacherpraught?(preached)Ifavegetarianeatsvegetables,whatdoesahumanitarianeat?Whydopeoplereciteataplay,andplayatarecital?Shipbytruckorcarandsendcargobyship?(动词与动词的功能差异;为什么演话剧时人们要朗诵,而在独奏会上却要演奏:polysemy)Havenosesthatrunandfeetthatsmell?Parkondrivewaysanddriveonparkways?美国的房子周围有driveway(入户的车道):私人车道;parkway大路,干道)Howcanaslimchanceandafatchancebethesame,whileawisemanandawiseguyareopposites?Whenahouseburnsup,itbumsdown.(方位稳喻)Youfillinaformbyfillingitout.(collocation),“goldbar”,thenwhatdoes“goldbrick”mean?Andwhy,whenIwindupmywatch,Istartit,Butwhen1windupthisessay,Iendit?(一词多义)LexicologyasapartoflinguisticsLexicologyisthepartoflinguistics,,rulesofword-formation,originandhistoryofwordshelpstoguessandrememberthemeaningofnew-learnedwords,tomasterthestandardsoftheirusage,:1)Diachronicapproach:历时语言学2)Synchronicapproach::(1)aminimalfreeformofalanguage;(2)asoundunity;(3)aunitofmeaning;(4)